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☁️ A Collection of Awesome Large Weather Models (LWMs) | AI for Earth (AI4Earth) | AI for Science (AI4Science)

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🌍 Awesome Large Weather Models (LWMs) | AI for Earth (AI4Earth) | AI for Science (AI4Science)

🧭 Guideline

A collection of articles on Large Weather Models (LWMs), to make it easier to find and learn.

🆕 LWMs News

  • 2024/02/04: XiHe, the first data-driven 1/12° resolution global ocean eddy-resolving forecasting model [link];
  • 2024/01/28: FengWu-GHR, the first data-driven global weather forecasting model running at the 0.09∘ horizontal resolution [link];
  • 2023/12/27: GenCast, a ML-based generative model for ensemble weather forecasting [link];
  • 2023/12/16: Four-Dimensional Variational (4DVar) assimilation, and develop an AI-based cyclic weather forecasting system, FengWu-4DVar [link];
  • 2023/11/13: GCMs are physics-based simulators which combine a numerical solver for large-scale dynamics with tuned representations for small-scale processes such as cloud formation. [link];
  • 2023/12/13: Fuxi is open source [link];
  • 2023/11/14: GraphCast published in Science [link]
  • 2023/09/14: Pangu-Weather published in Nature [link]
  • 2023/08/25: ClimaX published in ICML 2023 [link]

🗂️ LWMs Lists

LWM name From Date(1st) Publication Links
MetNet Google 2020.03 - [paper] [github]
FourCastNet NVIDIA 2022.02 - [paper] [github]
MetNet-2 Google 2022.09 Nature Communications [paper] [github]
Pangu-Weather Huaiwei 2022.11 Nature [paper] [github]
GraphCast DeepMind 2022.12 Science [paper] [github]
ClimaX Microsoft 2023.01 ICML 2023 [paper] [github]
Fengwu Shanghai AI Lab 2023.04 - [paper] [github]
MetNet-3 Google 2023.06 - [paper]
Fuxi Fudan 2023.06 - [paper] [github]
NowcastNet Tsinghua 2023.07 Nature [paper]
AI-GOMS Tsinghua 2023.08 - [paper]
Fuxi-Extreme Fudan 2023.10 - [paper]
NeuralGCM DeepMind 2023.11 - [paper]
FengWu-4DVar Tsinghua 2023.12 - [paper]
GenCast DeepMind 2023.12 - [paper]
FengWu-GHR Shanghai AI Lab 2024.01 - [paper]
XiHe NUDT 2024.02 - [paper] [github]

📖 Papers

WeatherBench

  • WeatherBench: A benchmark dataset for data-driven weather forecasting [paper]
  • WeatherBench 2: A benchmark for the next generation of data-driven global weather models [paper]

MetNet

  • MetNet: A Neural Weather Model for Precipitation Forecasting (MetNet) [paper]
  • Deep learning for twelve hour precipitation forecasts (MetNet-2) [paper]
  • Deep Learning for Day Forecasts from Sparse Observations (MetNet-3) [paper]

FourCastNet

  • FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators (FourCastNet) [paper]

Pangu-Weather

  • Accurate medium-range global weather forecasting with 3D neural networks (Pangu-Weather) [paper]

GraphCast

  • Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting (GraphCast) [paper]

ClimaX

  • ClimaX: A foundation model for weather and climate (ClimaX) [paper]

FengWu

  • FengWu: Pushing the Skillful Global Medium-range Weather Forecast beyond 10 Days Lead (FengWu) [paper]
  • FengWu-4DVar: Coupling the Data-driven Weather Forecasting Model with 4D Variational Assimilation [paper]
  • FengWu-GHR: Learning the Kilometer-scale Medium-range Global Weather Forecasting [paper]

FuXi

  • FuXi: A cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast (FuXi) [paper]
  • FuXi-Extreme: Improving extreme rainfall and wind forecasts with diffusion model (FuXi-Extreme) [paper]

AI-GOMS

  • AI-GOMS: Large AI-Driven Global Ocean Modeling System (AI-GOMS) [paper]

XiHe

XiHe: A Data-Driven Model for Global Ocean Eddy-Resolving Forecasting [paper]

FNO

  • Fourier Neural Operator with Learned Deformations for PDEs on General Geometries [paper]
  • SFNO: Spherical Fourier Neural Operators: Learning Stable Dynamics on the Sphere [paper]

Nowcast

  • Earthformer: Exploring Space-Time Transformers for Earth System Forecasting [paper]
  • PreDiff: Precipitation Nowcasting with Latent Diffusion Models [paper]
  • DGMR: Skilful precipitation nowcasting using deep generative models of radar [paper]
  • Skilful nowcasting of extreme precipitation with NowcastNet (NowcastNet) [paper]

More

  • Can deep learning beat numerical weather prediction? [paper]
  • AtmoRep: A stochastic model of atmosphere dynamics using large scale representation learning [paper]
  • Anthropogenic fingerprints in daily precipitation revealed by deep learning [paper]
  • Neural General Circulation Models [paper]
  • GenCast: Diffusion-based ensemble forecasting for medium-range weather [paper]

🧊 Meteorology

  • IPCC
  • IMO | WMO
  • ECMWF

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