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*** | Contact: [email protected] | ||
*** SOF ./modules/70_water/heat/realization.gms | ||
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*' @description Exogenous water demand is calculated based on data on water demand coefficients and cooling shares. | ||
*' Vintage structure in combination with time dependent cooling shares as vintages and efficiency factors are also considered. | ||
*' Demand is a function of excess heat as opposed to electricity output. | ||
*' @limitations Water demand is calculated in a post-processing of REMIND and not part of the optimization. | ||
*' @description Water demand is calculated based on data on water demand coefficients (both for consumption | ||
*' and withdrawal) and cooling shares. | ||
*' | ||
*' For thermal power plants, water demand is proportional to excess heat production, which is calculated as fuel input minus | ||
*' electricity output and smokestack losses (assumed to be 10% of fuel input for non-nuclear thermal power plants). | ||
*' | ||
*' For non-biomass renewable technologies, water demand is proportional to electricty output. | ||
*' | ||
*' The regional vintage structure of power plants enters the water demand calculation through the time- and region-dependent | ||
*' conversion efficiencies in the excess heat calculation, and also through time- and region-dependent shares of cooling | ||
*' technologies. Four cooling technologies are implemented: once trough, wet tower, dry tower and pond cooling. We assume | ||
*' a shift away from once-through cooling systems towards recirculating or dry cooling technologies. | ||
*' @limitations Water demand is calculated in a post-processing of REMIND; there is no market-based decision making process | ||
*' for water allocation. Instead, a rule-based priorization is adopted: only 50% of available water is allowed to be used | ||
*' for agricultural purposes. Accordingly, there are no constraints on water quantity or quality for the expansion of | ||
*' water-intense technologies. | ||
*' | ||
*' Water demand in sectors other than electricity is not represented. | ||
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*####################### R SECTION START (PHASES) ############################## | ||
$Ifi "%phase%" == "sets" $include "./modules/70_water/heat/sets.gms" | ||
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