Update to Cython 3.0.0

[vyasr]

Description

This PR contains the minimal set of changes to compile using Cython 3 without warnings. Future PRs can be made to take advantage of new or improved features.

The specific changes are:

• Ensuring nogil always comes after except. except * nogil is a compile-time error in Cython 3
• Adding noexcept or except * to any cdef functions missing them. In Cython 0.29 these would default to noexcept, which meant that exceptions would not be properly propagated. In Cython 3.0.0, these default to except *, which incurs a performance penalty for reacquiring the GIL to check the exception value even for nogil functions. Being explicit here is important.

There are a large number of outstanding warnings due to NVIDIA/cuda-python#44. cuda-python for CUDA 12 has the necessary fix, but we will need a cuda-python 11.8.* bugfix with a backport to make those warnings go away.

Checklist

• I am familiar with the Contributing Guidelines.
• New or existing tests cover these changes.
• The documentation is up to date with these changes.

[vyasr]

There are a couple of outstanding warnings that I'm not sure how we want to resolve:

warning: rmm/_lib/memory_resource.pyx:40:51: Unknown type declaration 'BaseException' in annotation, ignoring                                                               
warning: rmm/_lib/memory_resource.pyx:770:37: Unknown type declaration 'size_t' in annotation, ignoring

These come from type annotations, one in an argument err: BaseException and another in a return type -> size_type. These appear to not be recognized types for Cython, but I don't know if that's happening because Cython is trying to use new annotation-style syntax to treat these like cdef BaseException err. Would appreciate a look if someone has some idea there. We could always remove the annotations if we want to get rid of the warnings, I don't think there's anything critically wrong either way here though.

[wence-]

warning: rmm/_lib/memory_resource.pyx:770:37: Unknown type declaration 'size_t' in annotation, ignoring

memory_resource.pyx needs from libc.stdint cimport size_t?

[shwina]

warning: rmm/_lib/memory_resource.pyx:40:51: Unknown type declaration 'BaseException' in annotation, ignoring

For this one, it appears using builtins.BaseException or __builtins__.BaseException removes the error..

[shwina]

Pending resolving the remaining warnings

[vyasr]

Good catches! I didn't consider that Cython would need these imported since they typically work out of the box, but I guess for typing annotations it's stricter (which is good I suppose). The proposed fixes worked (with one minor edit, size_t is in libc/stddef.pxd, not libc/stdint.pxd).

[vyasr]

/merge