Report ocean CDR

[katarkow]

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) takes up CO2 into the ocean by spreading hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) into the ocean. The amount of CO2 taken by the ocean can be found in vm_emiCdrTeDetail. Producing Ca(OH)2 from limestone (CaCO3) (a process called calcination) results in CO2, which is captured with a capture rate of 90%. The process can use gas (traditional calciner) or electricity/hydrogen (electric or novel calciner). The emissions from burning gas are also captured in the CDR module (similarly to gas used for DAC).

Due to <100% capture rate, there are unavoidable emissions (from gas and calcination) which get deduced from the CDR amount already in the CDR module.

vm_emiCdr(t,regi,"co2")
=e=
sum(te_used33, vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t,regi,te_used33))
+ (1 - s33_capture_rate) * (
    sum(te_ccs33, v33_co2emi_non_atm_gas(t, regi, te_ccs33))
    + sum(te_oae33, v33_co2emi_non_atm_calcination(t, regi, te_oae33))
)

The captured emissions (see eq below) end up either stored or released due to CCU.

sum(teCCS2rlf(te, rlf), vm_co2capture_cdr(t, regi, enty, enty2, te, rlf))
=e=
- vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "dac")
+ s33_capture_rate * (
    sum(te_ccs33, v33_co2emi_non_atm_gas(t, regi, te_ccs33))
    + sum(te_oae33, v33_co2emi_non_atm_calcination(t, regi, te_oae33))
)

And that's where we were getting summation errors from (already for DAC only) since I split negative emissions from energy-related emissions. Here is my attempt to fix it. I know it's not perfect, but these emissions require refactoring anyway. For captured carbon from gas the CCU part of that is handled here and lands in Supply. I then add the CDR-related carbon on the supply side as well - gas to Emi|CO2|Energy|Supply|+|Gases w/ couple prod and calcination emissions which are basically fossil emissions to Emi|CO2|Energy|Supply|+|Solids w/ couple prod. This fixes the summation errors.

This PR introduces the following variables:

• Final energy for OAE:
  FE|CDR|++|OAE, electric calciner
FE|CDR|++|OAE, traditional calciner
FE|CDR|OAE, electric calciner|+|Diesel
FE|CDR|OAE, electric calciner|+|Electricity
FE|CDR|OAE, electric calciner|+|Hydrogen
FE|CDR|OAE, traditional calciner|+|Diesel
FE|CDR|OAE, traditional calciner|+|Electricity
FE|CDR|OAE, traditional calciner|+|Gases
• Emissions
  Emi|CO2|CDR|OAE - like for DACCS, these are the emissions that are the gross emissions (uptake) - unavoidable
  Emi|CO2|Cumulated|CDR|OAE
  The following are added to check if all OAE-associated CO2 adds up (they are helpful for RESCUE):
  Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE
Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|+|Ocean Uptake
Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|+|Released emissions
Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|+|Unavoidable emissions
Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|Ocean Uptake|+|electric calciner
Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|Ocean Uptake|+|traditional calciner
Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|Calcination emissions (this is a percentage of released + unavoidable and released + unavoidable = calcination + gas captured from energy for OAE)
• Carbon Management
  Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|+|OAE calcination
Carbon Management|Storage|+|OAE calcination
Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|+|CDR energy - all the captured emissions from using gas for CDR, either DAC or OAE.

[strefler]

recalculate to account only for "net CDR". Use emiCDR?

[katarkow]

If I understand correctly, this variable should be negative emissions, so gross(ish) = gross - released CO2 that is unavoidable due to <100% capture rate. So it should be vm_emiCdr - vm_emiCdrTeDetail[, , "dac"] * (1 - p_share_CCS)

E.g.: Emi|GHG = Emi|CO2|+|Energy (952.393059421011) + Emi|CO2|+|Industrial Processes (18.70015799332) + Emi|CO2|+|Land-Use Change (38.7566666666702) + Emi|CO2|+|non-BECCS CDR (0) + Emi|GHG|+|CH4 (352.029277806816) + Emi|GHG|+|F-Gases (27.202629) + Emi|GHG|+|N2O (76.9251374089826)

[strefler]

add emissions that are not captured to the calcination emissions. Do we want subcategories of calcination emissions that are captured and re-emitted from burning synfuels, and emissions that are never captured?

[katarkow]

I created a new variable for this: Emi|CO2|CDR|net OAE|+|Unavoidable emissions (Mt CO2/yr)