Fix bug in emissions

core/equations.gms

@@ -740,18 +740,19 @@ q_emiMac(t,regi,emiMac) ..
 ***--------------------------------------------------
 q_emiCdrAll(t,regi)..
   vm_emiCdrAll(t,regi)
-       =e= !! BECC + DACC
-  (sum(emiBECCS2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3),vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3))
-  + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2capture_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf)))
-  !! scaled by the fraction that gets stored geologically
-  * (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
-        vm_co2CCS(t,regi,"cco2","ico2",te,rlf)) /
-  (sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf),
-        vm_co2capture(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf))+sm_eps))
+  =e=
+  ( !! BECC + DACC
+    sum(emiBECCS2te(enty,enty2,te,enty3),vm_emiTeDetail(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,enty3))
+    - vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "dac") !! this is a negative value
+  )
+  * ( !! scaled by the fraction that gets stored geologically
+    sum(teCCS2rlf(te, rlf), vm_co2CCS(t, regi, "cco2", "ico2", te, rlf))
+    / (sum(teCCS2rlf(te, rlf), vm_co2capture(t, regi, "cco2", "ico2", "ccsinje", rlf)) + sm_eps)
+  )
   !! net negative emissions from co2luc
   -  p_macBaseMagpieNegCo2(t,regi)
-       !! negative emissions from the cdr module that are not stored geologically
-       -       (vm_emiCdr(t,regi,"co2") + sum(teCCS2rlf(te,rlf), vm_co2capture_cdr(t,regi,"cco2","ico2","ccsinje",rlf)))
+  !! negative emissions from the cdr module that are not stored geologically
+  -  (vm_emiCdr(t,regi,"co2") - vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "dac"))
 ;
 
 

modules/33_CDR/portfolio/bounds.gms

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ if(card(te_used33) eq 0,
 *** Fix CCS from CDR if there're no technologies that require CCS
 if(card(te_ccs33) eq 0,
     vm_co2capture_cdr.fx(t,regi,enty,enty2,te,rlf)$ccs2te(enty,enty2,te) = 0;
+    v33_co2emi_non_atm.fx(t,regi,te_all33) = 0;
 );
 
 *** Fix negative emissions and FE demand to zero for all the technologies that are not used
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ v33_FEdemand.fx(t,regi,entyFe,entyFe2,te_all33)$(not te_used33(te_all33) and fe2
 *** to reduce unnecessary freedom (and likelyhood of spontaneous solver infeasibilities)
 vm_emiCdrTeDetail.fx(t,regi,te_used33)$(t.val lt 2025) = 0.0;
 v33_FEdemand.fx(t,regi,entyFe,entyFe2,te_used33)$(fe2cdr(entyFe,entyFe2,te_used33) AND (t.val lt 2025)) = 0.0;
+v33_co2emi_non_atm.fx(t,regi,te_used33)$(t.val lt 2025) = 0;
 vm_emiCdr.fx(t,regi,"co2")$(t.val lt 2025) = 0;
 vm_omcosts_cdr.fx(t,regi)$((t.val lt 2025)) = 0;
 vm_cap.fx(t,regi,"weathering",rlf)$(t.val lt 2025) = 0;

modules/33_CDR/portfolio/declarations.gms

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 *** |  Contact: [email protected]
 *** SOF ./modules/33_CDR/portfolio/declarations.gms
 scalars
+s33_capture_rate            "CO2 capture rate for capturing emissions, e.g., from burning natural gas" / 0.9 /
+
 s33_co2_rem_pot             "specific carbon removal potential [Gt C per Gt ground rock]"
 s33_co2_rem_rate            "carbon removal rate [fraction of annual reduction of total carbon removal potential]"
 s33_costs_fix               "fixed costs for mining, grinding, spreading [T$/Gt stone]"
@@ -28,19 +30,19 @@ v33_EW_onfield(ttot,all_regi,rlf,rlf)  "amount of ground rock spread on fields i
 v33_EW_onfield_tot(ttot,all_regi,rlf,rlf)  "total amount of ground rock on fields, for each climate zone and transportation distance [Gt]"
 v33_FEdemand(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te)  "FE demand of each technology [TWa]"
 vm_co2capture_cdr(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te,rlf)  "total emissions captured through technologies in the CDR module that enter the CCUS chain + captured emissions from associated FE demand [GtC / a]"
-v33_co2capture_non_atm(ttot, all_regi)  "part of the captured CO2 from CDR-related acitivites that does not come from the atmosphere [GtC / a]"
+v33_co2emi_non_atm(ttot,all_regi,all_te)  "captured CO2 from CDR-related acitivites that does not come from the atmosphere [GtC / a]"
 ;
 
 negative variables
-vm_emiCdrTeDetail(ttot,all_regi,all_te)               "(negative) emissions from CDR technologies in the CDR module by technology. Includes all atmospheric CO2 that enter the CCUS chain (i.e. CO2 stored (CDR) AND used (not CDR)) [GtC / a]"
+vm_emiCdrTeDetail(ttot,all_regi,all_te)               "gross (negative) emissions from CDR technologies in the CDR module by technology. Includes all atmospheric CO2 that enter the CCUS chain (i.e. CO2 stored (CDR) AND used (not CDR)) [GtC / a]"
 ;
 
 equations
 q33_demFeCDR(ttot,all_regi,all_enty)  "CDR demand balance for final energy"
 q33_emiCDR(ttot,all_regi)  "aggregates the (negative) emissions captured by the CDR technologies"
 q33_H2bio_lim(ttot,all_regi)  "limits H2 from bioenergy to FE - H2 demand from CDR, i.e. no H2 from bioenergy for DAC"
 q33_capconst(ttot,all_regi,all_te)  "calculates amount of carbon captured by DAC and OAE"
-q33_co2capture_non_atm(ttot,all_regi)   "calculates the share of captured CO2 that does not come from the atmosphere"
+q33_co2emi_non_atm(ttot,all_regi,all_te)   "calculates the share of captured CO2 that does not come from the atmosphere"
 q33_ccsbal(ttot,all_regi,all_enty,all_enty,all_te)  "calculates CCS emissions from CDR technologies"
 
 q33_DAC_FEdemand(ttot,all_regi,all_enty)  "calculates final energy demand from DAC"

modules/33_CDR/portfolio/equations.gms

@@ -25,16 +25,19 @@ q33_demFeCDR(t,regi,entyFe)$(entyFe2Sector(entyFe,"cdr"))..
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *'  Sum of all CDR emissions other than BECCS and afforestation, which are calculated in the core.
+*'  The negative emissions are discounted by emissions that are released due to <100 percent capture
+*'  rate, as they are unavoidable (1-s33_capture_rate of the emissions that are possible to capture).
 *'  Note that this includes all atmospheric CO2 captured in this module that enters the CCUS chain.
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 q33_emiCDR(t,regi)..
     vm_emiCdr(t,regi,"co2")
     =e=
     sum(te_used33, vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t,regi,te_used33))
+    + (1 - s33_capture_rate) * sum(te_ccs33, v33_co2emi_non_atm(t, regi, te_ccs33))
     ;
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-*'  Calculation of (negative) CO2 emissions from capacity.
+*'  Calculation of gross (negative) CO2 emissions from capacity.
 *'  Negative emissions from enhanced weathering also result from decaying rock
 *'  spread in previous timesteps, so emissions do not equal to the capacity
 *'  (i.e., how much rock is spread in a given timestep).
@@ -48,27 +51,31 @@ q33_capconst(t, regi, te_used33)$(not sameAs(te_used33, "weathering"))..
     ;
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-*'  The CO2 captured from the gas used for heat production
-*'  required for all CDR and from limestone decomposition ocean alkalinity enhancement,
-*'  assuming a certain capture rate s33_capture rate.
+*'  The CO2 captured from the gas used for heat production (DAC, OAE)
+*'  and from limestone decomposition (OAE only).
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-q33_co2capture_non_atm(t, regi)..
-    v33_co2capture_non_atm(t, regi)
+q33_co2emi_non_atm(t, regi, te_ccs33)..
+    v33_co2emi_non_atm(t, regi, te_ccs33)
     =e=
-    fm_dataemiglob("pegas","seh2","gash2c","cco2") * sum(fe2cdr("fegas",entyFe2,te_used33), v33_FEdemand(t,regi,"fegas", entyFe2,te_used33))
-    - s33_OAE_chem_decomposition * sum(te_oae33, vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, te_oae33))
+    !! carbon captured from burning gas (DAC and OAE technologies)
+    fm_dataemiglob("pegas","seh2","gash2c","cco2") !! conversion from PE to emissions
+        * (1 / pm_eta_conv(t,regi,"gash2c")) !! conversion from PE to FE
+        * sum(fe2cdr("fegas", entyFe2, te_ccs33), v33_FEdemand(t, regi,"fegas", entyFe2, te_ccs33)) !! FE gas used
+    !! carbon captured from calcination (OAE technologies only)
+    - (s33_OAE_chem_decomposition * vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, te_ccs33))$te_oae33(te_ccs33)
     ;
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *'  Preparation of captured emissions to enter the CCUS chain.
-*'  The first part of the equation describes emissions captured from the ambient air,
-*'  the second part is non-atmospheric CO2 (e.g., from energy usage).
+*'  The first part of the equation describes emissons captured from the ambient air,
+*'  the second part is non-atmospheric CO2 (e.g., from energy usage),
+*'  assuming a capture rate s33_capture_rate.
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 q33_ccsbal(t, regi, ccs2te(ccsCo2(enty), enty2, te))..
     sum(teCCS2rlf(te, rlf), vm_co2capture_cdr(t, regi, enty, enty2, te, rlf))
     =e=
     - vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, "dac")
-    + v33_co2capture_non_atm(t, regi)
+    + s33_capture_rate * sum(te_ccs33, v33_co2emi_non_atm(t, regi, te_ccs33))
     ;
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -78,7 +85,8 @@ q33_ccsbal(t, regi, ccs2te(ccsCo2(enty), enty2, te))..
 q33_H2bio_lim(t,regi)..
     sum(pe2se("pebiolc","seh2",te), vm_prodSE(t,regi,"pebiolc","seh2",te))
     =l=
-    vm_prodFe(t,regi,"seh2","feh2s","tdh2s") - sum(fe2cdr("feh2s",entyFe2,te_used33), v33_FEdemand(t,regi,"feh2s",entyFe2,te_used33))
+    vm_prodFe(t,regi,"seh2","feh2s","tdh2s")
+    - sum(fe2cdr("feh2s",entyFe2,te_used33), v33_FEdemand(t,regi,"feh2s",entyFe2,te_used33))
     ;
 
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -188,7 +196,7 @@ q33_EW_LimEmi(t,regi)..
 *'  Calculation of FE demand for OAE, i.e., electricity for rock preprocessing,
 *'  and heat for calcination.
 ***---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-q33_OAE_FEdemand(t,regi,entyFe2, te_oae33)$sum(entyFe, fe2cdr(entyFe,entyFe2,te_oae33))..
+q33_OAE_FEdemand(t,regi,entyFe2,te_oae33)$sum(entyFe, fe2cdr(entyFe,entyFe2,te_oae33))..
     sum(fe2cdr(entyFe, entyFe2, te_oae33), v33_FEdemand(t, regi, entyFe, entyFe2, te_oae33))
     =e=
     p33_fedem(te_oae33, entyFe2) * sm_EJ_2_TWa * (- vm_emiCdrTeDetail(t, regi, te_oae33))