H-3421: Resolve closed data types on creation/updating

[TimDiekmann]

🌟 What is the purpose of this PR?

Data type can inherit from parent data types. This has some implications and to avoid resolving the full chain of all data types every time we need a way to resolve them when creating/updating data types.

• description and label can be inherited from the parents as they are optional. The ClosedDataType will always inherit both at the same time if none is set on the schema itself.
• Most importantly, the constraints needs to be iherited. Currently, this is "just" a flattened list of allOf. In a follow-up this list will be combined into a more concise representation.

🔍 What does this change?

• Add logic to resolve closed data types
• This does not yet expose the closed data types to the Node API nor does it cache the closed schema, it just calculates it.

Pre-Merge Checklist 🚀

🚢 Has this modified a publishable library?

This PR:

• does not modify any publishable blocks or libraries, or modifications do not need publishing

📜 Does this require a change to the docs?

The changes in this PR:

• are internal and do not require a docs change

🕸️ Does this require a change to the Turbo Graph?

The changes in this PR:

• do not affect the execution graph

⚠️ Known issues

• When calculating the closed schema it's required to sort the constraints. It's unlikely that this will even be a bottleneck, however, this could be optimized. However, we probably still want to do that to improve reading closed data types from the database.

🐾 Next steps

• Expose get_closed_data_types to Node API
• Create a more concise view of the constraints (hard)
• cache the generated closed schema to the database

🛡 What tests cover this?

A test with a lot of permutations was added to make sure the types are resolved correctly in any order

[github-actions]

Benchmark results

@rust/graph-benches – Integrations

representative_read_entity

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/page/v/2	$$17.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 199 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}25.4 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/song/v/1	$$18.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 244 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}7.54 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/person/v/1	$$17.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 215 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}6.61 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/organization/v/1	$$17.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 216 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-26.391 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/block/v/1	$$18.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 201 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}12.4 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/uk-address/v/1	$$17.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 223 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.273 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/building/v/1	$$17.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 181 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-2.101 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/book/v/1	$$16.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 168 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.953 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/playlist/v/1	$$16.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 186 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-6.401 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_entity_type

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
get_entity_type_by_id	Account ID: d4e16033-c281-4cde-aa35-9085bf2e7579	$$1.43 \mathrm{ms} \pm 5.67 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.085 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

scaling_read_entity_complete_zero_depth

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	50 entities	$$4.21 \mathrm{ms} \pm 31.7 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.14 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$2.09 \mathrm{ms} \pm 11.6 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.215 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	25 entities	$$2.63 \mathrm{ms} \pm 16.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.83 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$1.91 \mathrm{ms} \pm 16.0 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.462 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	5 entities	$$1.93 \mathrm{ms} \pm 13.8 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.124 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

scaling_read_entity_linkless

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	1000 entities	$$2.79 \mathrm{ms} \pm 13.9 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.69 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	100 entities	$$2.07 \mathrm{ms} \pm 6.98 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.966 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$1.90 \mathrm{ms} \pm 10.1 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.207 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10000 entities	$$9.41 \mathrm{ms} \pm 85.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-4.493 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$1.90 \mathrm{ms} \pm 8.08 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.705 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_multiple_entities

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_property	depths: DT=2, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$60.9 \mathrm{ms} \pm 339 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.342 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=255, PT=255, ET=255, E=255	$$71.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 335 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.052 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=0	$$41.2 \mathrm{ms} \pm 244 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.219 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=2	$$45.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 222 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.719 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$55.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 327 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-2.535 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=2, E=2	$$51.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 222 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.577 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=2, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$106 \mathrm{ms} \pm 534 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.08 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=255, PT=255, ET=255, E=255	$$113 \mathrm{ms} \pm 663 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.73 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=0	$$44.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 270 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.275 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=2	$$85.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 293 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.11 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$100 \mathrm{ms} \pm 394 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.48 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=2, E=2	$$95.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 531 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.93 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

scaling_read_entity_complete_one_depth

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	50 entities	$$277 \mathrm{ms} \pm 1.92 \mathrm{ms}\left({\color{gray}-1.181 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$52.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 224 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}6.84 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	25 entities	$$77.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 551 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.16 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$20.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 110 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.759 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	5 entities	$$25.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 205 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.140 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph