Add no-implicit-cwd check

docs/checks.md

@@ -1994,4 +1994,23 @@ from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 datetime.now(timezone.utc)
 datetime.fromtimestamp(some_timestamp, tz=timezone.utc)
+```
+
+## FURB177: `no-implicit-cwd`
+
+Categories: `pathlib`
+
+If you want to get the current working directory don't call `resolve()` on
+an empty `Path()` object, use `Path.cwd()` instead.
+
+Bad:
+
+```python
+cwd = Path().resolve()
+```
+
+Good:
+
+```python
+cwd = Path.cwd()
 ```

refurb/checks/pathlib/no_cwd_resolve.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from mypy.nodes import CallExpr, MemberExpr, RefExpr, StrExpr
+
+from refurb.error import Error
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ErrorInfo(Error):
+    """
+    If you want to get the current working directory don't call `resolve()` on
+    an empty `Path()` object, use `Path.cwd()` instead.
+
+    Bad:
+
+    ```
+    cwd = Path().resolve()
+    ```
+
+    Good:
+
+    ```
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
+    ```
+    """
+
+    name = "no-implicit-cwd"
+    code = 177
+    categories = ("pathlib",)
+
+
+def check(node: CallExpr, errors: list[Error]) -> None:
+    match node:
+        case CallExpr(
+            callee=MemberExpr(
+                expr=CallExpr(
+                    callee=RefExpr(fullname="pathlib.Path"),
+                    args=[] | [StrExpr(value="" | ".")] as args,
+                ),
+                name="resolve",
+            ),
+            args=[],
+        ):
+            arg = f'"{args[0].value}"' if args else ""  # type: ignore
+            msg = f"Replace `Path({arg}).resolve()` with `Path.cwd()`"
+
+            errors.append(ErrorInfo.from_node(node, msg))

test/data/err_177.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import pathlib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# these should match
+
+_ = Path().resolve()
+_ = Path("").resolve()  # noqa: FURB153
+_ = Path(".").resolve()  # noqa: FURB153
+_ = pathlib.Path().resolve()
+
+
+# these should not
+
+_ = Path("some_file").resolve()
+_ = Path().resolve(True)
+_ = Path().resolve(False)  # noqa: FURB120
+
+p = Path()
+_ = p.resolve()

test/data/err_177.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+test/data/err_177.py:6:5 [FURB177]: Replace `Path().resolve()` with `Path.cwd()`
+test/data/err_177.py:7:5 [FURB177]: Replace `Path("").resolve()` with `Path.cwd()`
+test/data/err_177.py:8:5 [FURB177]: Replace `Path(".").resolve()` with `Path.cwd()`
+test/data/err_177.py:9:5 [FURB177]: Replace `Path().resolve()` with `Path.cwd()`