Runtime type checking POC

[erlendvollset]

• Add beartype dependency
• POC for runtime type checking

Description

Please describe the change you have made.

Checklist:

• Tests added/updated.
• Documentation updated. Documentation is generated from docstrings - these must be updated according to your change.
  If a new method has been added it should be referenced in cognite.rst in order to generate docs based on its docstring.
• Changelog updated in CHANGELOG.md.
• Version bumped. If triggering a new release is desired, bump the version number in _version.py and pyproject.toml per semantic versioning.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 73.07692% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.82%. Comparing base (b825dd8) to head (853611d).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
cognite/client/utils/_runtime_type_checking.py	72.00%	7 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1554      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.86%   90.82%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         130      131       +1     
  Lines       20153    20179      +26     
==========================================
+ Hits        18312    18328      +16     
- Misses       1841     1851      +10     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
cognite/client/exceptions.py	89.11% <100.00%> (+0.07%)	⬆️
cognite/client/utils/_runtime_type_checking.py	72.00% <72.00%> (ø)

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes