diff --git a/docs/api.md b/docs/api.md
index ffcb3d8..6e1764a 100644
--- a/docs/api.md
+++ b/docs/api.md
@@ -62,10 +62,12 @@ docs.upsert(
 
 ## Deleting vectors
 
-Deleting records removes them from the collection. To delete records, specify a list of `ids` to the `delete` method. The ids of the sucessfully deleted records are returned from the method. Note that attempting to delete non-existent records does not raise an error.
+Deleting records removes them from the collection. To delete records, specify a list of `ids` or metadata filters to the `delete` method. The ids of the sucessfully deleted records are returned from the method. Note that attempting to delete non-existent records does not raise an error.
 
 ```python
 docs.delete(ids=["vec0", "vec1"])
+# or delete by a metadata filter
+docs.delete(filters={"year": {"$eq": 2012}})
 ```
 
 ## Create an index
diff --git a/src/tests/test_collection.py b/src/tests/test_collection.py
index ad30685..e7c4b38 100644
--- a/src/tests/test_collection.py
+++ b/src/tests/test_collection.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import itertools
 import random
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -91,24 +92,44 @@ def test_delete(client: vecs.Client) -> None:
             f"vec{ix}",
             vec,
             {
-                "genre": random.choice(["action", "rom-com", "drama"]),
+                "genre": genre,
                 "year": int(50 * random.random()) + 1970,
             },
         )
-        for ix, vec in enumerate(np.random.random((n_records, dim)))
+        for (ix, vec), genre in zip(
+            enumerate(np.random.random((n_records, dim))),
+            itertools.cycle(["action", "rom-com", "drama"]),
+        )
     ]
 
     # insert works
     movies.upsert(records)
 
+    # delete by IDs.
     delete_ids = ["vec0", "vec15", "vec99"]
     movies.delete(ids=delete_ids)
     assert len(movies) == n_records - len(delete_ids)
 
+    # insert works
+    movies.upsert(records)
+
+    # delete with filters
+    genre_to_delete = "action"
+    deleted_ids_by_genre = movies.delete(filters={"genre": {"$eq": genre_to_delete}})
+    assert len(deleted_ids_by_genre) == 34
+
     # bad input
     with pytest.raises(vecs.exc.ArgError):
         movies.delete(ids="should_be_a_list")
 
+    # bad input: neither ids nor filters provided.
+    with pytest.raises(vecs.exc.ArgError):
+        movies.delete()
+
+    # bad input: should only provide either ids or filters, not both
+    with pytest.raises(vecs.exc.ArgError):
+        movies.delete(ids=["vec0"], filters={"genre": {"$eq": genre_to_delete}})
+
 
 def test_repr(client: vecs.Client) -> None:
     movies = client.get_or_create_collection(name="movies", dimension=99)
diff --git a/src/vecs/collection.py b/src/vecs/collection.py
index d236d7a..7ff7884 100644
--- a/src/vecs/collection.py
+++ b/src/vecs/collection.py
@@ -375,33 +375,52 @@ def fetch(self, ids: Iterable[str]) -> List[Record]:
                     records.extend(chunk_records)
         return records
 
-    def delete(self, ids: Iterable[str]) -> List[str]:
+    def delete(
+        self, ids: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None, filters: Optional[Metadata] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
         """
-        Deletes vectors from the collection by their identifiers.
+        Deletes vectors from the collection by matching filters or ids.
 
         Args:
-            ids (Iterable[str]): An iterable of vector identifiers.
+            ids (Iterable[str], optional): An iterable of vector identifiers.
+            filters (Optional[Dict], optional): Filters to apply to the search. Defaults to None.
 
         Returns:
             List[str]: A list of the identifiers of the deleted vectors.
         """
+        if ids is None and filters is None:
+            raise ArgError("Either ids or filters must be provided.")
+
+        if ids is not None and filters is not None:
+            raise ArgError("Either ids or filters must be provided, not both.")
+
         if isinstance(ids, str):
             raise ArgError("ids must be a list of strings")
 
-        chunk_size = 12
+        ids = ids or []
+        filters = filters or {}
+        del_ids = []
 
-        del_ids = list(ids)
-        ids = []
         with self.client.Session() as sess:
             with sess.begin():
-                for id_chunk in flu(del_ids).chunk(chunk_size):
+                if ids:
+                    for id_chunk in flu(ids).chunk(12):
+                        stmt = (
+                            delete(self.table)
+                            .where(self.table.c.id.in_(id_chunk))
+                            .returning(self.table.c.id)
+                        )
+                        del_ids.extend(sess.execute(stmt).scalars() or [])
+
+                if filters:
+                    meta_filter = build_filters(self.table.c.metadata, filters)
                     stmt = (
-                        delete(self.table)
-                        .where(self.table.c.id.in_(id_chunk))
-                        .returning(self.table.c.id)
+                        delete(self.table).where(meta_filter).returning(self.table.c.id)  # type: ignore
                     )
-                    ids.extend(sess.execute(stmt).scalars() or [])
-        return ids
+                    result = sess.execute(stmt).scalars()
+                    del_ids.extend(result.fetchall())
+
+        return del_ids
 
     def __getitem__(self, items):
         """
@@ -516,7 +535,9 @@ def query(
 
         stmt = select(*cols)
         if filters:
-            stmt = stmt.filter(build_filters(self.table.c.metadata, filters))  # type: ignore
+            stmt = stmt.filter(
+                build_filters(self.table.c.metadata, filters)  # type: ignore
+            )
 
         stmt = stmt.order_by(distance_clause)
         stmt = stmt.limit(limit)