diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index a1eafd7..dba231d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
   push:
     branches: [main]
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows you to trigger the workflow run manually
 
 jobs:
   test:
@@ -11,30 +12,47 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-latest, windows-latest ]
-        python-version: [ 3.9, "3.10", "3.11"]
+        python-version: [ "3.11", "3.12", "3.13" ]
+        resolution: [ "highest", "lowest-direct" ]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - name: Set up uv and caching
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v2
       with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        enable-cache: true
+        cache-suffix: "${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.resolution }}"
+        cache-dependency-glob: "setup.cfg"
+        version: "0.4.25"
 
-    - uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-        key: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('setup.cfg') }}
+    - name: Create venv
+      run: |
+        uv venv --seed --python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Install ${{ matrix.resolution }} dependencies
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --resolution ${{ matrix.resolution }} .[test]
 
-    - name: Install dependencies
+    - name: Test with pytest (linux)
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
       run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
-        pip install --upgrade --upgrade-strategy eager .[test]
+        source .venv/bin/activate
+        pytest --xdoc --cov=climate_categories --cov-report=xml --junitxml=junit.xml -o junit_family=legacy
 
-    - name: Test with pytest
+    - name: Test with pytest (windows)
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows')
       run: |
-        pytest --xdoc --cov=climate_categories --cov-report=xml
+        .venv\Scripts\activate
+        pytest --xdoc --cov=climate_categories --cov-report=xml --junitxml=junit.xml -o junit_family=legacy
 
     - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
       with:
         files: ./coverage.xml
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Upload test results to Codecov
+      if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+      uses: codecov/test-results-action@v1
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 20774dc..5ea53ae 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ venv: setup.py pyproject.toml setup.cfg
 
 update-venv: ## update all packages in the development environment
 	[ -d venv ] || python3 -m venv venv
-	venv/bin/python .check_python_version.py
 	venv/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade wheel uv
 	. venv/bin/activate ; venv/bin/uv pip  install --upgrade --resolution highest -e .[dev]
 	touch venv
diff --git a/changelog_unreleased/166.trivial.rst b/changelog_unreleased/166.trivial.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a77ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog_unreleased/166.trivial.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* Dropped support for Python 3.9 and 3.10.
+* Added support for Python 3.12 and 3.13.
+* Introduced minimum supported versions of dependencies.
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 4c7f3dd..6bf31f8 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ classifiers =
     License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
     Natural Language :: English
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
 license = Apache Software License 2.0
 license_files = LICENSE
 
@@ -28,24 +28,27 @@ packages =
     climate_categories.data
     climate_categories.tests
     climate_categories.tests.data
-python_requires = >=3.9
+python_requires = >=3.11, <3.14
 setup_requires =
     setuptools_scm
 install_requires =
-    networkx
-    pandas
-    strictyaml
-    natsort
-    ruamel.yaml
-    pyparsing
-    immutables
-    black
+    networkx>=3
+    pandas>=2
+    pandas>=2.2.2;python_version>="3.13"
+    strictyaml>=1.6
+    natsort>=8
+    ruamel.yaml>=0.17.2
+    pyparsing>=3.1
+    immutables>=0.20
+    black>=22.1
+    numpy>=1.26
+    numpy>=2.1;python_version>="3.13"
 
 [options.extras_require]
 test =
-    pytest
-    pytest-cov
-    xdoctest
+    pytest>=8.3.3
+    pytest-cov>=5
+    xdoctest>=1.2
 dev =
     pip
     tbump
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ dev =
     networkx
     xdoctest
     tox
+    tox-uv>=1.11.3
     unfccc_di_api >= 3.0.1
     openscm-units
     pycountry
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 902b646..301af87 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@
 # and then run "tox" from this directory.
 
 [tox]
-envlist = py39, py310, py311
+envlist = py311, py312, py313
 
 [testenv]
 deps =
     pytest
     xdoctest
 commands =
-    pip install -e .
-    pytest  --xdoc -rx
+    pytest --xdoc -rx