json.h

/*
   The latest version of this library is available on GitHub;
   https://github.com/sheredom/json.h.
*/

/*
   This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.

   Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
   distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
   binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
   means.

   In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
   of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
   software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
   of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
   successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
   relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
   software under copyright law.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
   IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
   OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
   ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
   OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

   For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>.
*/

#ifndef SHEREDOM_JSON_H_INCLUDED
#define SHEREDOM_JSON_H_INCLUDED

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(push)

/* disable warning: no function prototype given: converting '()' to '(void)' */
#pragma warning(disable : 4255)

/* disable warning: '__cplusplus' is not defined as a preprocessor macro,
 * replacing with '0' for '#if/#elif' */
#pragma warning(disable : 4668)

/* disable warning: 'bytes padding added after construct' */
#pragma warning(disable : 4820)
#endif

#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>

#if defined(__TINYC__)
#define JSON_ATTRIBUTE(a) __attribute((a))
#else
#define JSON_ATTRIBUTE(a) __attribute__((a))
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__)
#define json_weak __inline
#elif defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__TINYC__)
#define json_weak JSON_ATTRIBUTE(weak)
#else
#error Non clang, non gcc, non MSVC, non tcc, non WATCOM compiler found!
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

struct json_value_s;
struct json_parse_result_s;

enum json_parse_flags_e {
  json_parse_flags_default = 0,

  /* allow trailing commas in objects and arrays. For example, both [true,] and
     {"a" : null,} would be allowed with this option on. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma = 0x1,

  /* allow unquoted keys for objects. For example, {a : null} would be allowed
     with this option on. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys = 0x2,

  /* allow a global unbracketed object. For example, a : null, b : true, c : {}
     would be allowed with this option on. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_global_object = 0x4,

  /* allow objects to use '=' instead of ':' between key/value pairs. For
     example, a = null, b : true would be allowed with this option on. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object = 0x8,

  /* allow that objects don't have to have comma separators between key/value
     pairs. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas = 0x10,

  /* allow c-style comments (either variants) to be ignored in the input JSON
     file. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_c_style_comments = 0x20,

  /* deprecated flag, unused. */
  json_parse_flags_deprecated = 0x40,

  /* record location information for each value. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_location_information = 0x80,

  /* allow strings to be 'single quoted'. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings = 0x100,

  /* allow numbers to be hexadecimal. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers = 0x200,

  /* allow numbers like +123 to be parsed. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign = 0x400,

  /* allow numbers like .0123 or 123. to be parsed. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point = 0x800,

  /* allow Infinity, -Infinity, NaN, -NaN. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan = 0x1000,

  /* allow multi line string values. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_multi_line_strings = 0x2000,

  /* allow simplified JSON to be parsed. Simplified JSON is an enabling of a set
     of other parsing options. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_simplified_json =
      (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma |
       json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys |
       json_parse_flags_allow_global_object |
       json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object |
       json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas),

  /* allow JSON5 to be parsed. JSON5 is an enabling of a set of other parsing
     options. */
  json_parse_flags_allow_json5 =
      (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma |
       json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys |
       json_parse_flags_allow_c_style_comments |
       json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings |
       json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers |
       json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign |
       json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point |
       json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan |
       json_parse_flags_allow_multi_line_strings)
};

/* Parse a JSON text file, returning a pointer to the root of the JSON
 * structure. json_parse performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding.
 * Returns 0 if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc failed). */
json_weak struct json_value_s *json_parse(const void *src, size_t src_size);

/* Parse a JSON text file, returning a pointer to the root of the JSON
 * structure. json_parse performs 1 call to alloc_func_ptr for the entire
 * encoding. Returns 0 if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc
 * failed). If an error occurred, the result struct (if not NULL) will explain
 * the type of error, and the location in the input it occurred. If
 * alloc_func_ptr is null then malloc is used. */
json_weak struct json_value_s *
json_parse_ex(const void *src, size_t src_size, size_t flags_bitset,
              void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *, size_t), void *user_data,
              struct json_parse_result_s *result);

/* Extracts a value and all the data that makes it up into a newly created
 * value. json_extract_value performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding.
 */
json_weak struct json_value_s *
json_extract_value(const struct json_value_s *value);

/* Extracts a value and all the data that makes it up into a newly created
 * value. json_extract_value performs 1 call to alloc_func_ptr for the entire
 * encoding. If alloc_func_ptr is null then malloc is used. */
json_weak struct json_value_s *
json_extract_value_ex(const struct json_value_s *value,
                      void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *, size_t), void *user_data);

/* Write out a minified JSON utf-8 string. This string is an encoding of the
 * minimal string characters required to still encode the same data.
 * json_write_minified performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding. Return
 * 0 if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc failed). The out_size
 * parameter is optional as the utf-8 string is null terminated. */
json_weak void *json_write_minified(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                    size_t *out_size);

/* Write out a pretty JSON utf-8 string. This string is encoded such that the
 * resultant JSON is pretty in that it is easily human readable. The indent and
 * newline parameters allow a user to specify what kind of indentation and
 * newline they want (two spaces / three spaces / tabs? \r, \n, \r\n ?). Both
 * indent and newline can be NULL, indent defaults to two spaces ("  "), and
 * newline defaults to linux newlines ('\n' as the newline character).
 * json_write_pretty performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding. Return 0
 * if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc failed). The out_size
 * parameter is optional as the utf-8 string is null terminated. */
json_weak void *json_write_pretty(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                  const char *indent, const char *newline,
                                  size_t *out_size);

/* Reinterpret a JSON value as a string. Returns null is the value was not a
 * string. */
json_weak struct json_string_s *
json_value_as_string(struct json_value_s *const value);

/* Reinterpret a JSON value as a number. Returns null is the value was not a
 * number. */
json_weak struct json_number_s *
json_value_as_number(struct json_value_s *const value);

/* Reinterpret a JSON value as an object. Returns null is the value was not an
 * object. */
json_weak struct json_object_s *
json_value_as_object(struct json_value_s *const value);

/* Reinterpret a JSON value as an array. Returns null is the value was not an
 * array. */
json_weak struct json_array_s *
json_value_as_array(struct json_value_s *const value);

/* Whether the value is true. */
json_weak int json_value_is_true(const struct json_value_s *const value);

/* Whether the value is false. */
json_weak int json_value_is_false(const struct json_value_s *const value);

/* Whether the value is null. */
json_weak int json_value_is_null(const struct json_value_s *const value);

/* The various types JSON values can be. Used to identify what a value is. */
typedef enum json_type_e {
  json_type_string,
  json_type_number,
  json_type_object,
  json_type_array,
  json_type_true,
  json_type_false,
  json_type_null

} json_type_t;

/* A JSON string value. */
typedef struct json_string_s {
  /* utf-8 string */
  const char *string;
  /* The size (in bytes) of the string */
  size_t string_size;

} json_string_t;

/* A JSON string value (extended). */
typedef struct json_string_ex_s {
  /* The JSON string this extends. */
  struct json_string_s string;

  /* The character offset for the value in the JSON input. */
  size_t offset;

  /* The line number for the value in the JSON input. */
  size_t line_no;

  /* The row number for the value in the JSON input, in bytes. */
  size_t row_no;

} json_string_ex_t;

/* A JSON number value. */
typedef struct json_number_s {
  /* ASCII string containing representation of the number. */
  const char *number;
  /* the size (in bytes) of the number. */
  size_t number_size;

} json_number_t;

/* an element of a JSON object. */
typedef struct json_object_element_s {
  /* the name of this element. */
  struct json_string_s *name;
  /* the value of this element. */
  struct json_value_s *value;
  /* the next object element (can be NULL if the last element in the object). */
  struct json_object_element_s *next;

} json_object_element_t;

/* a JSON object value. */
typedef struct json_object_s {
  /* a linked list of the elements in the object. */
  struct json_object_element_s *start;
  /* the number of elements in the object. */
  size_t length;

} json_object_t;

/* an element of a JSON array. */
typedef struct json_array_element_s {
  /* the value of this element. */
  struct json_value_s *value;
  /* the next array element (can be NULL if the last element in the array). */
  struct json_array_element_s *next;

} json_array_element_t;

/* a JSON array value. */
typedef struct json_array_s {
  /* a linked list of the elements in the array. */
  struct json_array_element_s *start;
  /* the number of elements in the array. */
  size_t length;

} json_array_t;

/* a JSON value. */
typedef struct json_value_s {
  /* a pointer to either a json_string_s, json_number_s, json_object_s, or. */
  /* json_array_s. Should be cast to the appropriate struct type based on what.
   */
  /* the type of this value is. */
  void *payload;
  /* must be one of json_type_e. If type is json_type_true, json_type_false, or.
   */
  /* json_type_null, payload will be NULL. */
  size_t type;

} json_value_t;

/* a JSON value (extended). */
typedef struct json_value_ex_s {
  /* the JSON value this extends. */
  struct json_value_s value;

  /* the character offset for the value in the JSON input. */
  size_t offset;

  /* the line number for the value in the JSON input. */
  size_t line_no;

  /* the row number for the value in the JSON input, in bytes. */
  size_t row_no;

} json_value_ex_t;

/* a parsing error code. */
enum json_parse_error_e {
  /* no error occurred (huzzah!). */
  json_parse_error_none = 0,

  /* expected either a comma or a closing '}' or ']' to close an object or. */
  /* array! */
  json_parse_error_expected_comma_or_closing_bracket,

  /* colon separating name/value pair was missing! */
  json_parse_error_expected_colon,

  /* expected string to begin with '"'! */
  json_parse_error_expected_opening_quote,

  /* invalid escaped sequence in string! */
  json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence,

  /* invalid number format! */
  json_parse_error_invalid_number_format,

  /* invalid value! */
  json_parse_error_invalid_value,

  /* reached end of buffer before object/array was complete! */
  json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer,

  /* string was malformed! */
  json_parse_error_invalid_string,

  /* a call to malloc, or a user provider allocator, failed. */
  json_parse_error_allocator_failed,

  /* the JSON input had unexpected trailing characters that weren't part of the.
     JSON value. */
  json_parse_error_unexpected_trailing_characters,

  /* catch-all error for everything else that exploded (real bad chi!). */
  json_parse_error_unknown
};

/* error report from json_parse_ex(). */
typedef struct json_parse_result_s {
  /* the error code (one of json_parse_error_e). */
  size_t error;

  /* the character offset for the error in the JSON input. */
  size_t error_offset;

  /* the line number for the error in the JSON input. */
  size_t error_line_no;

  /* the row number for the error, in bytes. */
  size_t error_row_no;

} json_parse_result_t;

#ifdef __cplusplus
} /* extern "C". */
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1920)
#define json_uintmax_t unsigned __int64
#else
#include <inttypes.h>
#define json_uintmax_t uintmax_t
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#define json_strtoumax _strtoui64
#else
#define json_strtoumax strtoumax
#endif

#if defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
#define json_null nullptr
#else
#define json_null 0
#endif

#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic push

/* we do one big allocation via malloc, then cast aligned slices of this for. */
/* our structures - we don't have a way to tell the compiler we know what we. */
/* are doing, so disable the warning instead! */
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-align"

/* We use C style casts everywhere. */
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"

/* We need long long for strtoull. */
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"

/* Who cares if nullptr doesn't work with C++98, we don't use it there! */
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"

#if __has_warning("-Wunsafe-buffer-usage")
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage"
#endif

#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(push)

/* disable 'function selected for inline expansion' warning. */
#pragma warning(disable : 4711)

/* disable '#pragma warning: there is no warning number' warning. */
#pragma warning(disable : 4619)

/* disable 'warning number not a valid compiler warning' warning. */
#pragma warning(disable : 4616)

/* disable 'Compiler will insert Spectre mitigation for memory load if
 * /Qspectre. */
/* switch specified' warning. */
#pragma warning(disable : 5045)
#endif

struct json_parse_state_s {
  const char *src;
  size_t size;
  size_t offset;
  size_t flags_bitset;
  char *data;
  char *dom;
  size_t dom_size;
  size_t data_size;
  size_t line_no;     /* line counter for error reporting. */
  size_t line_offset; /* (offset-line_offset) is the character number (in
                         bytes). */
  size_t error;
};

json_weak int json_hexadecimal_digit(const char c);
int json_hexadecimal_digit(const char c) {
  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
    return c - '0';
  }
  if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
    return c - 'a' + 10;
  }
  if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
    return c - 'A' + 10;
  }
  return -1;
}

json_weak int json_hexadecimal_value(const char *c, const unsigned long size,
                                     unsigned long *result);
int json_hexadecimal_value(const char *c, const unsigned long size,
                           unsigned long *result) {
  const char *p;
  int digit;

  if (size > sizeof(unsigned long) * 2) {
    return 0;
  }

  *result = 0;
  for (p = c; (unsigned long)(p - c) < size; ++p) {
    *result <<= 4;
    digit = json_hexadecimal_digit(*p);
    if (digit < 0 || digit > 15) {
      return 0;
    }
    *result |= (unsigned char)digit;
  }
  return 1;
}

json_weak int json_skip_whitespace(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
int json_skip_whitespace(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
  size_t offset = state->offset;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  const char *const src = state->src;

  if (offset >= state->size) {
    return 0;
  }

  /* the only valid whitespace according to ECMA-404 is ' ', '\n', '\r' and
   * '\t'. */
  switch (src[offset]) {
  default:
    return 0;
  case ' ':
  case '\r':
  case '\t':
  case '\n':
    break;
  }

  do {
    switch (src[offset]) {
    default:
      /* Update offset. */
      state->offset = offset;
      return 1;
    case ' ':
    case '\r':
    case '\t':
      break;
    case '\n':
      state->line_no++;
      state->line_offset = offset;
      break;
    }

    offset++;
  } while (offset < size);

  /* Update offset. */
  state->offset = offset;
  return 1;
}

json_weak int json_skip_c_style_comments(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
int json_skip_c_style_comments(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
  /* to have a C-style comment we need at least 2 characters of space */
  if ((state->offset + 2) > state->size) {
    return 0;
  }

  /* do we have a comment? */
  if ('/' == state->src[state->offset]) {
    if ('/' == state->src[state->offset + 1]) {
      /* we had a comment of the form // */

      /* skip first '/' */
      state->offset++;

      /* skip second '/' */
      state->offset++;

      while (state->offset < state->size) {
        switch (state->src[state->offset]) {
        default:
          /* skip the character in the comment */
          state->offset++;
          break;
        case '\n':
          /* if we have a newline, our comment has ended! Skip the newline */
          state->offset++;

          /* we entered a newline, so move our line info forward */
          state->line_no++;
          state->line_offset = state->offset;
          return 1;
        }
      }

      /* we reached the end of the JSON file! */
      return 1;
    } else if ('*' == state->src[state->offset + 1]) {
      /* we had a comment in the C-style long form */

      /* skip '/' */
      state->offset++;

      /* skip '*' */
      state->offset++;

      while (state->offset + 1 < state->size) {
        if (('*' == state->src[state->offset]) &&
            ('/' == state->src[state->offset + 1])) {
          /* we reached the end of our comment! */
          state->offset += 2;
          return 1;
        } else if ('\n' == state->src[state->offset]) {
          /* we entered a newline, so move our line info forward */
          state->line_no++;
          state->line_offset = state->offset;
        }

        /* skip character within comment */
        state->offset++;
      }

      /* comment wasn't ended correctly which is a failure */
      return 1;
    }
  }

  /* we didn't have any comment, which is ok too! */
  return 0;
}

json_weak int json_skip_all_skippables(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
int json_skip_all_skippables(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
  /* skip all whitespace and other skippables until there are none left. note
   * that the previous version suffered from read past errors should. the
   * stream end on json_skip_c_style_comments eg. '{"a" ' with comments flag.
   */

  int did_consume = 0;
  const size_t size = state->size;

  if (json_parse_flags_allow_c_style_comments & state->flags_bitset) {
    do {
      if (state->offset == size) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
        return 1;
      }

      did_consume = json_skip_whitespace(state);

      /* This should really be checked on access, not in front of every call.
       */
      if (state->offset >= size) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
        return 1;
      }

      did_consume |= json_skip_c_style_comments(state);
    } while (0 != did_consume);
  } else {
    do {
      if (state->offset == size) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
        return 1;
      }

      did_consume = json_skip_whitespace(state);
    } while (0 != did_consume);
  }

  if (state->offset == size) {
    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
    return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}

json_weak int json_get_value_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                  int is_global_object);

json_weak int json_get_string_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                   size_t is_key);
int json_get_string_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state, size_t is_key) {
  size_t offset = state->offset;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  size_t data_size = 0;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  const int is_single_quote = '\'' == src[offset];
  const char quote_to_use = is_single_quote ? '\'' : '"';
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  unsigned long codepoint;
  unsigned long high_surrogate = 0;

  if ((json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) != 0 &&
      is_key != 0) {
    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_ex_s);
  } else {
    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
  }

  if ('"' != src[offset]) {
    /* if we are allowed single quoted strings check for that too. */
    if (!((json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings & flags_bitset) &&
          is_single_quote)) {
      state->error = json_parse_error_expected_opening_quote;
      state->offset = offset;
      return 1;
    }
  }

  /* skip leading '"' or '\''. */
  offset++;

  while ((offset < size) && (quote_to_use != src[offset])) {
    /* add space for the character. */
    data_size++;

    switch (src[offset]) {
    default:
      break;
    case '\0':
    case '\t':
      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string;
      state->offset = offset;
      return 1;
    }

    if ('\\' == src[offset]) {
      /* skip reverse solidus character. */
      offset++;

      if (offset == size) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
        state->offset = offset;
        return 1;
      }

      switch (src[offset]) {
      default:
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
        state->offset = offset;
        return 1;
      case '"':
      case '\\':
      case '/':
      case 'b':
      case 'f':
      case 'n':
      case 'r':
      case 't':
        /* all valid characters! */
        offset++;
        break;
      case 'u':
        if (!(offset + 5 < size)) {
          /* invalid escaped unicode sequence! */
          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
          state->offset = offset;
          return 1;
        }

        codepoint = 0;
        if (!json_hexadecimal_value(&src[offset + 1], 4, &codepoint)) {
          /* escaped unicode sequences must contain 4 hexadecimal digits! */
          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
          state->offset = offset;
          return 1;
        }

        /* Valid sequence!
         * see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Invalid_code_points.
         *      1       7       U + 0000        U + 007F        0xxxxxxx.
         *      2       11      U + 0080        U + 07FF        110xxxxx
         * 10xxxxxx.
         *      3       16      U + 0800        U + FFFF        1110xxxx
         * 10xxxxxx        10xxxxxx.
         *      4       21      U + 10000       U + 10FFFF      11110xxx
         * 10xxxxxx        10xxxxxx        10xxxxxx.
         * Note: the high and low surrogate halves used by UTF-16 (U+D800
         * through U+DFFF) and code points not encodable by UTF-16 (those after
         * U+10FFFF) are not legal Unicode values, and their UTF-8 encoding must
         * be treated as an invalid byte sequence. */

        if (high_surrogate != 0) {
          /* we previously read the high half of the \uxxxx\uxxxx pair, so now
           * we expect the low half. */
          if (codepoint >= 0xdc00 &&
              codepoint <= 0xdfff) { /* low surrogate range. */
            data_size += 3;
            high_surrogate = 0;
          } else {
            state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
            state->offset = offset;
            return 1;
          }
        } else if (codepoint <= 0x7f) {
          data_size += 0;
        } else if (codepoint <= 0x7ff) {
          data_size += 1;
        } else if (codepoint >= 0xd800 &&
                   codepoint <= 0xdbff) { /* high surrogate range. */
          /* The codepoint is the first half of a "utf-16 surrogate pair". so we
           * need the other half for it to be valid: \uHHHH\uLLLL. */
          if (offset + 11 > size || '\\' != src[offset + 5] ||
              'u' != src[offset + 6]) {
            state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
            state->offset = offset;
            return 1;
          }
          high_surrogate = codepoint;
        } else if (codepoint >= 0xd800 &&
                   codepoint <= 0xdfff) { /* low surrogate range. */
          /* we did not read the other half before. */
          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
          state->offset = offset;
          return 1;
        } else {
          data_size += 2;
        }
        /* escaped codepoints after 0xffff are supported in json through utf-16
         * surrogate pairs: \uD83D\uDD25 for U+1F525. */

        offset += 5;
        break;
      }
    } else if (('\r' == src[offset]) || ('\n' == src[offset])) {
      if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_multi_line_strings & flags_bitset)) {
        /* invalid escaped unicode sequence! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
        state->offset = offset;
        return 1;
      }

      offset++;
    } else {
      /* skip character (valid part of sequence). */
      offset++;
    }
  }

  /* If the offset is equal to the size, we had a non-terminated string! */
  if (offset == size) {
    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
    state->offset = offset - 1;
    return 1;
  }

  /* skip trailing '"' or '\''. */
  offset++;

  /* add enough space to store the string. */
  state->data_size += data_size;

  /* one more byte for null terminator ending the string! */
  state->data_size++;

  /* update offset. */
  state->offset = offset;

  return 0;
}

json_weak int is_valid_unquoted_key_char(const char c);
int is_valid_unquoted_key_char(const char c) {
  return (('0' <= c && c <= '9') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') ||
          ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('_' == c));
}

json_weak int json_get_key_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
int json_get_key_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;

  if (json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys & flags_bitset) {
    size_t offset = state->offset;
    const size_t size = state->size;
    const char *const src = state->src;
    size_t data_size = state->data_size;

    /* if we are allowing unquoted keys, first grok for a quote... */
    if ('"' == src[offset]) {
      /* ... if we got a comma, just parse the key as a string as normal. */
      return json_get_string_size(state, 1);
    } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings & flags_bitset) &&
               ('\'' == src[offset])) {
      /* ... if we got a comma, just parse the key as a string as normal. */
      return json_get_string_size(state, 1);
    } else {
      while ((offset < size) && is_valid_unquoted_key_char(src[offset])) {
        offset++;
        data_size++;
      }

      /* one more byte for null terminator ending the string! */
      data_size++;

      if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
        state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_ex_s);
      } else {
        state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
      }

      /* update offset. */
      state->offset = offset;

      /* update data_size. */
      state->data_size = data_size;

      return 0;
    }
  } else {
    /* we are only allowed to have quoted keys, so just parse a string! */
    return json_get_string_size(state, 1);
  }
}

json_weak int json_get_object_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                   int is_global_object);
int json_get_object_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                         int is_global_object) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  size_t elements = 0;
  int allow_comma = 0;
  int found_closing_brace = 0;

  if (is_global_object) {
    /* if we found an opening '{' of an object, we actually have a normal JSON
     * object at the root of the DOM... */
    if (!json_skip_all_skippables(state) && '{' == state->src[state->offset]) {
      /* . and we don't actually have a global object after all! */
      is_global_object = 0;
    }
  }

  if (!is_global_object) {
    if ('{' != src[state->offset]) {
      state->error = json_parse_error_unknown;
      return 1;
    }

    /* skip leading '{'. */
    state->offset++;
  }

  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_object_s);

  if ((state->offset == size) && !is_global_object) {
    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
    return 1;
  }

  do {
    if (!is_global_object) {
      if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
        return 1;
      }

      if ('}' == src[state->offset]) {
        /* skip trailing '}'. */
        state->offset++;

        found_closing_brace = 1;

        /* finished the object! */
        break;
      }
    } else {
      /* we don't require brackets, so that means the object ends when the input
       * stream ends! */
      if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
        break;
      }
    }

    /* if we parsed at least one element previously, grok for a comma. */
    if (allow_comma) {
      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
        /* skip comma. */
        state->offset++;
        allow_comma = 0;
      } else if (json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas & flags_bitset) {
        /* we don't require a comma, and we didn't find one, which is ok! */
        allow_comma = 0;
      } else {
        /* otherwise we are required to have a comma, and we found none. */
        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_comma_or_closing_bracket;
        return 1;
      }

      if (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma & flags_bitset) {
        continue;
      } else {
        if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
          state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
          return 1;
        }
      }
    }

    if (json_get_key_size(state)) {
      /* key parsing failed! */
      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string;
      return 1;
    }

    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
      return 1;
    }

    if (json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object & flags_bitset) {
      const char current = src[state->offset];
      if ((':' != current) && ('=' != current)) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_colon;
        return 1;
      }
    } else {
      if (':' != src[state->offset]) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_colon;
        return 1;
      }
    }

    /* skip colon. */
    state->offset++;

    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
      return 1;
    }

    if (json_get_value_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0)) {
      /* value parsing failed! */
      return 1;
    }

    /* successfully parsed a name/value pair! */
    elements++;
    allow_comma = 1;
  } while (state->offset < size);

  if ((state->offset == size) && !is_global_object && !found_closing_brace) {
    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
    return 1;
  }

  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_object_element_s) * elements;

  return 0;
}

json_weak int json_get_array_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
int json_get_array_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  size_t elements = 0;
  int allow_comma = 0;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  const size_t size = state->size;

  if ('[' != src[state->offset]) {
    /* expected array to begin with leading '['. */
    state->error = json_parse_error_unknown;
    return 1;
  }

  /* skip leading '['. */
  state->offset++;

  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_array_s);

  while (state->offset < size) {
    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
      return 1;
    }

    if (']' == src[state->offset]) {
      /* skip trailing ']'. */
      state->offset++;

      state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_array_element_s) * elements;

      /* finished the object! */
      return 0;
    }

    /* if we parsed at least once element previously, grok for a comma. */
    if (allow_comma) {
      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
        /* skip comma. */
        state->offset++;
        allow_comma = 0;
      } else if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas & flags_bitset)) {
        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_comma_or_closing_bracket;
        return 1;
      }

      if (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma & flags_bitset) {
        allow_comma = 0;
        continue;
      } else {
        if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
          state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
          return 1;
        }
      }
    }

    if (json_get_value_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0)) {
      /* value parsing failed! */
      return 1;
    }

    /* successfully parsed an array element! */
    elements++;
    allow_comma = 1;
  }

  /* we consumed the entire input before finding the closing ']' of the array!
   */
  state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
  return 1;
}

json_weak int json_get_number_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
int json_get_number_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  size_t offset = state->offset;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  int had_leading_digits = 0;
  const char *const src = state->src;

  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_number_s);

  if ((json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers & flags_bitset) &&
      (offset + 1 < size) && ('0' == src[offset]) &&
      (('x' == src[offset + 1]) || ('X' == src[offset + 1]))) {
    /* skip the leading 0x that identifies a hexadecimal number. */
    offset += 2;

    /* consume hexadecimal digits. */
    while ((offset < size) && (('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9') ||
                               ('a' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'f') ||
                               ('A' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'F'))) {
      offset++;
    }
  } else {
    int found_sign = 0;
    int inf_or_nan = 0;

    if ((offset < size) &&
        (('-' == src[offset]) ||
         ((json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign & flags_bitset) &&
          ('+' == src[offset])))) {
      /* skip valid leading '-' or '+'. */
      offset++;

      found_sign = 1;
    }

    if (json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) {
      const char inf[9] = "Infinity";
      const size_t inf_strlen = sizeof(inf) - 1;
      const char nan[4] = "NaN";
      const size_t nan_strlen = sizeof(nan) - 1;

      if (offset + inf_strlen < size) {
        int found = 1;
        size_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < inf_strlen; i++) {
          if (inf[i] != src[offset + i]) {
            found = 0;
            break;
          }
        }

        if (found) {
          /* We found our special 'Infinity' keyword! */
          offset += inf_strlen;

          inf_or_nan = 1;
        }
      }

      if (offset + nan_strlen < size) {
        int found = 1;
        size_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < nan_strlen; i++) {
          if (nan[i] != src[offset + i]) {
            found = 0;
            break;
          }
        }

        if (found) {
          /* We found our special 'NaN' keyword! */
          offset += nan_strlen;

          inf_or_nan = 1;
        }
      }

      if (inf_or_nan) {
        if (offset < size) {
          switch (src[offset]) {
          default:
            break;
          case '0':
          case '1':
          case '2':
          case '3':
          case '4':
          case '5':
          case '6':
          case '7':
          case '8':
          case '9':
          case 'e':
          case 'E':
            /* cannot follow an inf or nan with digits! */
            state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
            state->offset = offset;
            return 1;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if (found_sign && !inf_or_nan && (offset < size) &&
        !('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
      /* check if we are allowing leading '.'. */
      if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point &
            flags_bitset) ||
          ('.' != src[offset])) {
        /* a leading '-' must be immediately followed by any digit! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
        state->offset = offset;
        return 1;
      }
    }

    if ((offset < size) && ('0' == src[offset])) {
      /* skip valid '0'. */
      offset++;

      /* we need to record whether we had any leading digits for checks later.
       */
      had_leading_digits = 1;

      if ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
        /* a leading '0' must not be immediately followed by any digit! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
        state->offset = offset;
        return 1;
      }
    }

    /* the main digits of our number next. */
    while ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
      offset++;

      /* we need to record whether we had any leading digits for checks later.
       */
      had_leading_digits = 1;
    }

    if ((offset < size) && ('.' == src[offset])) {
      offset++;

      if ((offset >= size) || !('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
        if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point &
              flags_bitset) ||
            !had_leading_digits) {
          /* a decimal point must be followed by at least one digit. */
          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
          state->offset = offset;
          return 1;
        }
      }

      /* a decimal point can be followed by more digits of course! */
      while ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
        offset++;
      }
    }

    if ((offset < size) && ('e' == src[offset] || 'E' == src[offset])) {
      /* our number has an exponent! Skip 'e' or 'E'. */
      offset++;

      if ((offset < size) && ('-' == src[offset] || '+' == src[offset])) {
        /* skip optional '-' or '+'. */
        offset++;
      }

      if ((offset < size) && !('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
        /* an exponent must have at least one digit! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
        state->offset = offset;
        return 1;
      }

      /* consume exponent digits. */
      do {
        offset++;
      } while ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9'));
    }
  }

  if (offset < size) {
    switch (src[offset]) {
    case ' ':
    case '\t':
    case '\r':
    case '\n':
    case '}':
    case ',':
    case ']':
      /* all of the above are ok. */
      break;
    case '=':
      if (json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object & flags_bitset) {
        break;
      }

      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
      state->offset = offset;
      return 1;
    default:
      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
      state->offset = offset;
      return 1;
    }
  }

  state->data_size += offset - state->offset;

  /* one more byte for null terminator ending the number string! */
  state->data_size++;

  /* update offset. */
  state->offset = offset;

  return 0;
}

json_weak int json_get_value_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                  int is_global_object);
int json_get_value_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                        int is_global_object) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  size_t offset;
  const size_t size = state->size;

  if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);
  } else {
    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
  }

  if (is_global_object) {
    return json_get_object_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 1);
  } else {
    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
      return 1;
    }

    /* can cache offset now. */
    offset = state->offset;

    switch (src[offset]) {
    case '"':
      return json_get_string_size(state, 0);
    case '\'':
      if (json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings & flags_bitset) {
        return json_get_string_size(state, 0);
      } else {
        /* invalid value! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_value;
        return 1;
      }
    case '{':
      return json_get_object_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0);
    case '[':
      return json_get_array_size(state);
    case '-':
    case '0':
    case '1':
    case '2':
    case '3':
    case '4':
    case '5':
    case '6':
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9':
      return json_get_number_size(state);
    case '+':
      if (json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign & flags_bitset) {
        return json_get_number_size(state);
      } else {
        /* invalid value! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
        return 1;
      }
    case '.':
      if (json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point &
          flags_bitset) {
        return json_get_number_size(state);
      } else {
        /* invalid value! */
        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
        return 1;
      }
    default:
      if ((offset + 4) <= size && 't' == src[offset + 0] &&
          'r' == src[offset + 1] && 'u' == src[offset + 2] &&
          'e' == src[offset + 3]) {
        state->offset += 4;
        return 0;
      } else if ((offset + 5) <= size && 'f' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'l' == src[offset + 2] &&
                 's' == src[offset + 3] && 'e' == src[offset + 4]) {
        state->offset += 5;
        return 0;
      } else if ((offset + 4) <= size && 'n' == state->src[offset + 0] &&
                 'u' == state->src[offset + 1] &&
                 'l' == state->src[offset + 2] &&
                 'l' == state->src[offset + 3]) {
        state->offset += 4;
        return 0;
      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
                 (offset + 3) <= size && 'N' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'N' == src[offset + 2]) {
        return json_get_number_size(state);
      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
                 (offset + 8) <= size && 'I' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'n' == src[offset + 1] && 'f' == src[offset + 2] &&
                 'i' == src[offset + 3] && 'n' == src[offset + 4] &&
                 'i' == src[offset + 5] && 't' == src[offset + 6] &&
                 'y' == src[offset + 7]) {
        return json_get_number_size(state);
      }

      /* invalid value! */
      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_value;
      return 1;
    }
  }
}

json_weak void json_parse_value(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                int is_global_object,
                                struct json_value_s *value);

json_weak void json_parse_string(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                 struct json_string_s *string);
void json_parse_string(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                       struct json_string_s *string) {
  size_t offset = state->offset;
  size_t bytes_written = 0;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  const char quote_to_use = '\'' == src[offset] ? '\'' : '"';
  char *data = state->data;
  unsigned long high_surrogate = 0;
  unsigned long codepoint;

  string->string = data;

  /* skip leading '"' or '\''. */
  offset++;

  while (quote_to_use != src[offset]) {
    if ('\\' == src[offset]) {
      /* skip the reverse solidus. */
      offset++;

      switch (src[offset++]) {
      default:
        return; /* we cannot ever reach here. */
      case 'u': {
        codepoint = 0;
        if (!json_hexadecimal_value(&src[offset], 4, &codepoint)) {
          return; /* this shouldn't happen as the value was already validated.
                   */
        }

        offset += 4;

        if (codepoint <= 0x7fu) {
          data[bytes_written++] = (char)codepoint; /* 0xxxxxxx. */
        } else if (codepoint <= 0x7ffu) {
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0xc0u | (codepoint >> 6)); /* 110xxxxx. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0x80u | (codepoint & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
        } else if (codepoint >= 0xd800 &&
                   codepoint <= 0xdbff) { /* high surrogate. */
          high_surrogate = codepoint;
          continue; /* we need the low half to form a complete codepoint. */
        } else if (codepoint >= 0xdc00 &&
                   codepoint <= 0xdfff) { /* low surrogate. */
          /* combine with the previously read half to obtain the complete
           * codepoint. */
          const unsigned long surrogate_offset =
              0x10000u - (0xD800u << 10) - 0xDC00u;
          codepoint = (high_surrogate << 10) + codepoint + surrogate_offset;
          high_surrogate = 0;
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0xF0u | (codepoint >> 18)); /* 11110xxx. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0x80u | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0x80u | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0x80u | (codepoint & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
        } else {
          /* we assume the value was validated and thus is within the valid
           * range. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0xe0u | (codepoint >> 12)); /* 1110xxxx. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0x80u | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
          data[bytes_written++] =
              (char)(0x80u | (codepoint & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
        }
      } break;
      case '"':
        data[bytes_written++] = '"';
        break;
      case '\\':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\\';
        break;
      case '/':
        data[bytes_written++] = '/';
        break;
      case 'b':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\b';
        break;
      case 'f':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\f';
        break;
      case 'n':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\n';
        break;
      case 'r':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\r';
        break;
      case 't':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\t';
        break;
      case '\r':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\r';

        /* check if we have a "\r\n" sequence. */
        if ('\n' == src[offset]) {
          data[bytes_written++] = '\n';
          offset++;
        }

        break;
      case '\n':
        data[bytes_written++] = '\n';
        break;
      }
    } else {
      /* copy the character. */
      data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
    }
  }

  /* skip trailing '"' or '\''. */
  offset++;

  /* record the size of the string. */
  string->string_size = bytes_written;

  /* add null terminator to string. */
  data[bytes_written++] = '\0';

  /* move data along. */
  state->data += bytes_written;

  /* update offset. */
  state->offset = offset;
}

json_weak void json_parse_key(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                              struct json_string_s *string);
void json_parse_key(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                    struct json_string_s *string) {
  if (json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys & state->flags_bitset) {
    const char *const src = state->src;
    char *const data = state->data;
    size_t offset = state->offset;

    /* if we are allowing unquoted keys, check for quoted anyway... */
    if (('"' == src[offset]) || ('\'' == src[offset])) {
      /* ... if we got a quote, just parse the key as a string as normal. */
      json_parse_string(state, string);
    } else {
      size_t size = 0;

      string->string = state->data;

      while (is_valid_unquoted_key_char(src[offset])) {
        data[size++] = src[offset++];
      }

      /* add null terminator to string. */
      data[size] = '\0';

      /* record the size of the string. */
      string->string_size = size++;

      /* move data along. */
      state->data += size;

      /* update offset. */
      state->offset = offset;
    }
  } else {
    /* we are only allowed to have quoted keys, so just parse a string! */
    json_parse_string(state, string);
  }
}

json_weak void json_parse_object(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                 int is_global_object,
                                 struct json_object_s *object);
void json_parse_object(struct json_parse_state_s *state, int is_global_object,
                       struct json_object_s *object) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  size_t elements = 0;
  int allow_comma = 0;
  struct json_object_element_s *previous = json_null;

  if (is_global_object) {
    /* if we skipped some whitespace, and then found an opening '{' of an. */
    /* object, we actually have a normal JSON object at the root of the DOM...
     */
    if ('{' == src[state->offset]) {
      /* . and we don't actually have a global object after all! */
      is_global_object = 0;
    }
  }

  if (!is_global_object) {
    /* skip leading '{'. */
    state->offset++;
  }

  (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

  /* reset elements. */
  elements = 0;

  while (state->offset < size) {
    struct json_object_element_s *element = json_null;
    struct json_string_s *string = json_null;
    struct json_value_s *value = json_null;

    if (!is_global_object) {
      (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

      if ('}' == src[state->offset]) {
        /* skip trailing '}'. */
        state->offset++;

        /* finished the object! */
        break;
      }
    } else {
      if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
        /* global object ends when the file ends! */
        break;
      }
    }

    /* if we parsed at least one element previously, grok for a comma. */
    if (allow_comma) {
      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
        /* skip comma. */
        state->offset++;
        allow_comma = 0;
        continue;
      }
    }

    element = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;

    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_element_s);

    if (json_null == previous) {
      /* this is our first element, so record it in our object. */
      object->start = element;
    } else {
      previous->next = element;
    }

    previous = element;

    if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
      struct json_string_ex_s *string_ex =
          (struct json_string_ex_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_ex_s);

      string_ex->offset = state->offset;
      string_ex->line_no = state->line_no;
      string_ex->row_no = state->offset - state->line_offset;

      string = &(string_ex->string);
    } else {
      string = (struct json_string_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
    }

    element->name = string;

    (void)json_parse_key(state, string);

    (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

    /* skip colon or equals. */
    state->offset++;

    (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

    if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
      struct json_value_ex_s *value_ex = (struct json_value_ex_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);

      value_ex->offset = state->offset;
      value_ex->line_no = state->line_no;
      value_ex->row_no = state->offset - state->line_offset;

      value = &(value_ex->value);
    } else {
      value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
    }

    element->value = value;

    json_parse_value(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0, value);

    /* successfully parsed a name/value pair! */
    elements++;
    allow_comma = 1;
  }

  /* if we had at least one element, end the linked list. */
  if (previous) {
    previous->next = json_null;
  }

  if (0 == elements) {
    object->start = json_null;
  }

  object->length = elements;
}

json_weak void json_parse_array(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                struct json_array_s *array);
void json_parse_array(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                      struct json_array_s *array) {
  const char *const src = state->src;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  size_t elements = 0;
  int allow_comma = 0;
  struct json_array_element_s *previous = json_null;

  /* skip leading '['. */
  state->offset++;

  (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

  /* reset elements. */
  elements = 0;

  do {
    struct json_array_element_s *element = json_null;
    struct json_value_s *value = json_null;

    (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

    if (']' == src[state->offset]) {
      /* skip trailing ']'. */
      state->offset++;

      /* finished the array! */
      break;
    }

    /* if we parsed at least one element previously, grok for a comma. */
    if (allow_comma) {
      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
        /* skip comma. */
        state->offset++;
        allow_comma = 0;
        continue;
      }
    }

    element = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;

    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_element_s);

    if (json_null == previous) {
      /* this is our first element, so record it in our array. */
      array->start = element;
    } else {
      previous->next = element;
    }

    previous = element;

    if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & state->flags_bitset) {
      struct json_value_ex_s *value_ex = (struct json_value_ex_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);

      value_ex->offset = state->offset;
      value_ex->line_no = state->line_no;
      value_ex->row_no = state->offset - state->line_offset;

      value = &(value_ex->value);
    } else {
      value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
    }

    element->value = value;

    json_parse_value(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0, value);

    /* successfully parsed an array element! */
    elements++;
    allow_comma = 1;
  } while (state->offset < size);

  /* end the linked list. */
  if (previous) {
    previous->next = json_null;
  }

  if (0 == elements) {
    array->start = json_null;
  }

  array->length = elements;
}

json_weak void json_parse_number(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                 struct json_number_s *number);
void json_parse_number(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                       struct json_number_s *number) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  size_t offset = state->offset;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  size_t bytes_written = 0;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  char *data = state->data;

  number->number = data;

  if (json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers & flags_bitset) {
    if (('0' == src[offset]) &&
        (('x' == src[offset + 1]) || ('X' == src[offset + 1]))) {
      /* consume hexadecimal digits. */
      while ((offset < size) &&
             (('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9') ||
              ('a' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'f') ||
              ('A' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'F') ||
              ('x' == src[offset]) || ('X' == src[offset]))) {
        data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
      }
    }
  }

  while (offset < size) {
    int end = 0;

    switch (src[offset]) {
    case '0':
    case '1':
    case '2':
    case '3':
    case '4':
    case '5':
    case '6':
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9':
    case '.':
    case 'e':
    case 'E':
    case '+':
    case '-':
      data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
      break;
    default:
      end = 1;
      break;
    }

    if (0 != end) {
      break;
    }
  }

  if (json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) {
    const size_t inf_strlen = 8; /* = strlen("Infinity");. */
    const size_t nan_strlen = 3; /* = strlen("NaN");. */

    if (offset + inf_strlen < size) {
      if ('I' == src[offset]) {
        size_t i;
        /* We found our special 'Infinity' keyword! */
        for (i = 0; i < inf_strlen; i++) {
          data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
        }
      }
    }

    if (offset + nan_strlen < size) {
      if ('N' == src[offset]) {
        size_t i;
        /* We found our special 'NaN' keyword! */
        for (i = 0; i < nan_strlen; i++) {
          data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /* record the size of the number. */
  number->number_size = bytes_written;
  /* add null terminator to number string. */
  data[bytes_written++] = '\0';
  /* move data along. */
  state->data += bytes_written;
  /* update offset. */
  state->offset = offset;
}

json_weak void json_parse_value(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
                                int is_global_object,
                                struct json_value_s *value);
void json_parse_value(struct json_parse_state_s *state, int is_global_object,
                      struct json_value_s *value) {
  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
  const char *const src = state->src;
  const size_t size = state->size;
  size_t offset;

  (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);

  /* cache offset now. */
  offset = state->offset;

  if (is_global_object) {
    value->type = json_type_object;
    value->payload = state->dom;
    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_s);
    json_parse_object(state, /* is_global_object = */ 1,
                      (struct json_object_s *)value->payload);
  } else {
    switch (src[offset]) {
    case '"':
    case '\'':
      value->type = json_type_string;
      value->payload = state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
      json_parse_string(state, (struct json_string_s *)value->payload);
      break;
    case '{':
      value->type = json_type_object;
      value->payload = state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_s);
      json_parse_object(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0,
                        (struct json_object_s *)value->payload);
      break;
    case '[':
      value->type = json_type_array;
      value->payload = state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_s);
      json_parse_array(state, (struct json_array_s *)value->payload);
      break;
    case '-':
    case '+':
    case '0':
    case '1':
    case '2':
    case '3':
    case '4':
    case '5':
    case '6':
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9':
    case '.':
      value->type = json_type_number;
      value->payload = state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
      json_parse_number(state, (struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
      break;
    default:
      if ((offset + 4) <= size && 't' == src[offset + 0] &&
          'r' == src[offset + 1] && 'u' == src[offset + 2] &&
          'e' == src[offset + 3]) {
        value->type = json_type_true;
        value->payload = json_null;
        state->offset += 4;
      } else if ((offset + 5) <= size && 'f' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'l' == src[offset + 2] &&
                 's' == src[offset + 3] && 'e' == src[offset + 4]) {
        value->type = json_type_false;
        value->payload = json_null;
        state->offset += 5;
      } else if ((offset + 4) <= size && 'n' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'u' == src[offset + 1] && 'l' == src[offset + 2] &&
                 'l' == src[offset + 3]) {
        value->type = json_type_null;
        value->payload = json_null;
        state->offset += 4;
      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
                 (offset + 3) <= size && 'N' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'N' == src[offset + 2]) {
        value->type = json_type_number;
        value->payload = state->dom;
        state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
        json_parse_number(state, (struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
                 (offset + 8) <= size && 'I' == src[offset + 0] &&
                 'n' == src[offset + 1] && 'f' == src[offset + 2] &&
                 'i' == src[offset + 3] && 'n' == src[offset + 4] &&
                 'i' == src[offset + 5] && 't' == src[offset + 6] &&
                 'y' == src[offset + 7]) {
        value->type = json_type_number;
        value->payload = state->dom;
        state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
        json_parse_number(state, (struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}

struct json_value_s *
json_parse_ex(const void *src, size_t src_size, size_t flags_bitset,
              void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *user_data, size_t size),
              void *user_data, struct json_parse_result_s *result) {
  struct json_parse_state_s state;
  void *allocation;
  struct json_value_s *value;
  size_t total_size;
  int input_error;

  if (result) {
    result->error = json_parse_error_none;
    result->error_offset = 0;
    result->error_line_no = 0;
    result->error_row_no = 0;
  }

  if (json_null == src) {
    /* invalid src pointer was null! */
    return json_null;
  }

  state.src = (const char *)src;
  state.size = src_size;
  state.offset = 0;
  state.line_no = 1;
  state.line_offset = 0;
  state.error = json_parse_error_none;
  state.dom_size = 0;
  state.data_size = 0;
  state.flags_bitset = flags_bitset;

  input_error = json_get_value_size(
      &state, (int)(json_parse_flags_allow_global_object & state.flags_bitset));

  if (0 == input_error) {
    json_skip_all_skippables(&state);

    if (state.offset != state.size) {
      /* our parsing didn't have an error, but there are characters remaining in
       * the input that weren't part of the JSON! */

      state.error = json_parse_error_unexpected_trailing_characters;
      input_error = 1;
    }
  }

  if (input_error) {
    /* parsing value's size failed (most likely an invalid JSON DOM!). */
    if (result) {
      result->error = state.error;
      result->error_offset = state.offset;
      result->error_line_no = state.line_no;
      result->error_row_no = state.offset - state.line_offset;
    }
    return json_null;
  }

  /* our total allocation is the combination of the dom and data sizes (we. */
  /* first encode the structure of the JSON, and then the data referenced by. */
  /* the JSON values). */
  total_size = state.dom_size + state.data_size;

  if (json_null == alloc_func_ptr) {
    allocation = malloc(total_size);
  } else {
    allocation = alloc_func_ptr(user_data, total_size);
  }

  if (json_null == allocation) {
    /* malloc failed! */
    if (result) {
      result->error = json_parse_error_allocator_failed;
      result->error_offset = 0;
      result->error_line_no = 0;
      result->error_row_no = 0;
    }

    return json_null;
  }

  /* reset offset so we can reuse it. */
  state.offset = 0;

  /* reset the line information so we can reuse it. */
  state.line_no = 1;
  state.line_offset = 0;

  state.dom = (char *)allocation;
  state.data = state.dom + state.dom_size;

  if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & state.flags_bitset) {
    struct json_value_ex_s *value_ex = (struct json_value_ex_s *)state.dom;
    state.dom += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);

    value_ex->offset = state.offset;
    value_ex->line_no = state.line_no;
    value_ex->row_no = state.offset - state.line_offset;

    value = &(value_ex->value);
  } else {
    value = (struct json_value_s *)state.dom;
    state.dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
  }

  json_parse_value(
      &state, (int)(json_parse_flags_allow_global_object & state.flags_bitset),
      value);

  return (struct json_value_s *)allocation;
}

struct json_value_s *json_parse(const void *src, size_t src_size) {
  return json_parse_ex(src, src_size, json_parse_flags_default, json_null,
                       json_null, json_null);
}

struct json_extract_result_s {
  size_t dom_size;
  size_t data_size;
};

struct json_value_s *json_extract_value(const struct json_value_s *value) {
  return json_extract_value_ex(value, json_null, json_null);
}

json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *const number);
json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *const string);
json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *const object);
json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *const array);
json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *const value);

struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *const number) {
  struct json_extract_result_s result;
  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_number_s);
  result.data_size = number->number_size;
  return result;
}

struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *const string) {
  struct json_extract_result_s result;
  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_string_s);
  result.data_size = string->string_size + 1;
  return result;
}

struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *const object) {
  struct json_extract_result_s result;
  size_t i;
  const struct json_object_element_s *element = object->start;

  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_object_s) +
                    (sizeof(struct json_object_element_s) * object->length);
  result.data_size = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < object->length; i++) {
    const struct json_extract_result_s string_result =
        json_extract_get_string_size(element->name);
    const struct json_extract_result_s value_result =
        json_extract_get_value_size(element->value);

    result.dom_size += string_result.dom_size;
    result.data_size += string_result.data_size;

    result.dom_size += value_result.dom_size;
    result.data_size += value_result.data_size;

    element = element->next;
  }

  return result;
}

struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *const array) {
  struct json_extract_result_s result;
  size_t i;
  const struct json_array_element_s *element = array->start;

  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_array_s) +
                    (sizeof(struct json_array_element_s) * array->length);
  result.data_size = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < array->length; i++) {
    const struct json_extract_result_s value_result =
        json_extract_get_value_size(element->value);

    result.dom_size += value_result.dom_size;
    result.data_size += value_result.data_size;

    element = element->next;
  }

  return result;
}

struct json_extract_result_s
json_extract_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
  struct json_extract_result_s result = {0, 0};

  switch (value->type) {
  default:
    break;
  case json_type_object:
    result = json_extract_get_object_size(
        (const struct json_object_s *)value->payload);
    break;
  case json_type_array:
    result = json_extract_get_array_size(
        (const struct json_array_s *)value->payload);
    break;
  case json_type_number:
    result = json_extract_get_number_size(
        (const struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
    break;
  case json_type_string:
    result = json_extract_get_string_size(
        (const struct json_string_s *)value->payload);
    break;
  }

  result.dom_size += sizeof(struct json_value_s);

  return result;
}

struct json_extract_state_s {
  char *dom;
  char *data;
};

json_weak void json_extract_copy_value(struct json_extract_state_s *const state,
                                       const struct json_value_s *const value);
void json_extract_copy_value(struct json_extract_state_s *const state,
                             const struct json_value_s *const value) {
  struct json_string_s *string;
  struct json_number_s *number;
  struct json_object_s *object;
  struct json_array_s *array;
  struct json_value_s *new_value;

  memcpy(state->dom, value, sizeof(struct json_value_s));
  new_value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
  state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
  new_value->payload = state->dom;

  if (json_type_string == value->type) {
    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_string_s));
    string = (struct json_string_s *)state->dom;
    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);

    memcpy(state->data, string->string, string->string_size + 1);
    string->string = state->data;
    state->data += string->string_size + 1;
  } else if (json_type_number == value->type) {
    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_number_s));
    number = (struct json_number_s *)state->dom;
    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);

    memcpy(state->data, number->number, number->number_size);
    number->number = state->data;
    state->data += number->number_size;
  } else if (json_type_object == value->type) {
    struct json_object_element_s *element;
    size_t i;

    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_object_s));
    object = (struct json_object_s *)state->dom;
    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_s);

    element = object->start;
    object->start = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;

    for (i = 0; i < object->length; i++) {
      struct json_value_s *previous_value;
      struct json_object_element_s *previous_element;

      memcpy(state->dom, element, sizeof(struct json_object_element_s));
      element = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_element_s);

      string = element->name;
      memcpy(state->dom, string, sizeof(struct json_string_s));
      string = (struct json_string_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
      element->name = string;

      memcpy(state->data, string->string, string->string_size + 1);
      string->string = state->data;
      state->data += string->string_size + 1;

      previous_value = element->value;
      element->value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
      json_extract_copy_value(state, previous_value);

      previous_element = element;
      element = element->next;

      if (element) {
        previous_element->next = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;
      }
    }
  } else if (json_type_array == value->type) {
    struct json_array_element_s *element;
    size_t i;

    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_array_s));
    array = (struct json_array_s *)state->dom;
    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_s);

    element = array->start;
    array->start = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;

    for (i = 0; i < array->length; i++) {
      struct json_value_s *previous_value;
      struct json_array_element_s *previous_element;

      memcpy(state->dom, element, sizeof(struct json_array_element_s));
      element = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;
      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_element_s);

      previous_value = element->value;
      element->value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
      json_extract_copy_value(state, previous_value);

      previous_element = element;
      element = element->next;

      if (element) {
        previous_element->next = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;
      }
    }
  }
}

struct json_value_s *json_extract_value_ex(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                           void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *,
                                                                   size_t),
                                           void *user_data) {
  void *allocation;
  struct json_extract_result_s result;
  struct json_extract_state_s state;
  size_t total_size;

  if (json_null == value) {
    /* invalid value was null! */
    return json_null;
  }

  result = json_extract_get_value_size(value);
  total_size = result.dom_size + result.data_size;

  if (json_null == alloc_func_ptr) {
    allocation = malloc(total_size);
  } else {
    allocation = alloc_func_ptr(user_data, total_size);
  }

  state.dom = (char *)allocation;
  state.data = state.dom + result.dom_size;

  json_extract_copy_value(&state, value);

  return (struct json_value_s *)allocation;
}

struct json_string_s *json_value_as_string(struct json_value_s *const value) {
  if (value->type != json_type_string) {
    return json_null;
  }

  return (struct json_string_s *)value->payload;
}

struct json_number_s *json_value_as_number(struct json_value_s *const value) {
  if (value->type != json_type_number) {
    return json_null;
  }

  return (struct json_number_s *)value->payload;
}

struct json_object_s *json_value_as_object(struct json_value_s *const value) {
  if (value->type != json_type_object) {
    return json_null;
  }

  return (struct json_object_s *)value->payload;
}

struct json_array_s *json_value_as_array(struct json_value_s *const value) {
  if (value->type != json_type_array) {
    return json_null;
  }

  return (struct json_array_s *)value->payload;
}

int json_value_is_true(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
  return value->type == json_type_true;
}

int json_value_is_false(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
  return value->type == json_type_false;
}

int json_value_is_null(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
  return value->type == json_type_null;
}

json_weak int
json_write_minified_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                   size_t *size);

json_weak int json_write_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *number,
                                         size_t *size);
int json_write_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *number,
                               size_t *size) {
  json_uintmax_t parsed_number;
  size_t i;

  if (number->number_size >= 2) {
    switch (number->number[1]) {
    default:
      break;
    case 'x':
    case 'X':
      /* the number is a json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers hexadecimal
       * so we have to do extra work to convert it to a non-hexadecimal for JSON
       * output. */
      parsed_number = json_strtoumax(number->number, json_null, 0);

      i = 0;

      while (0 != parsed_number) {
        parsed_number /= 10;
        i++;
      }

      *size += i;
      return 0;
    }
  }

  /* check to see if the number has leading/trailing decimal point. */
  i = 0;

  /* skip any leading '+' or '-'. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) &&
      (('+' == number->number[i]) || ('-' == number->number[i]))) {
    i++;
  }

  /* check if we have infinity. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('I' == number->number[i])) {
    const char *inf = "Infinity";
    size_t k;

    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
      const char c = *inf++;

      /* Check if we found the Infinity string! */
      if ('\0' == c) {
        break;
      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
        break;
      }
    }

    if ('\0' == *inf) {
      /* Inf becomes 1.7976931348623158e308 because JSON can't support it. */
      *size += 22;

      /* if we had a leading '-' we need to record it in the JSON output. */
      if ('-' == number->number[0]) {
        *size += 1;
      }
    }

    return 0;
  }

  /* check if we have nan. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('N' == number->number[i])) {
    const char *nan = "NaN";
    size_t k;

    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
      const char c = *nan++;

      /* Check if we found the NaN string! */
      if ('\0' == c) {
        break;
      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
        break;
      }
    }

    if ('\0' == *nan) {
      /* NaN becomes 1 because JSON can't support it. */
      *size += 1;

      return 0;
    }
  }

  /* if we had a leading decimal point. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
    /* 1 + because we had a leading decimal point. */
    *size += 1;
    goto cleanup;
  }

  for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
    const char c = number->number[i];
    if (!('0' <= c && c <= '9')) {
      break;
    }
  }

  /* if we had a trailing decimal point. */
  if ((i + 1 == number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
    /* 1 + because we had a trailing decimal point. */
    *size += 1;
    goto cleanup;
  }

cleanup:
  *size += number->number_size; /* the actual string of the number. */

  /* if we had a leading '+' we don't record it in the JSON output. */
  if ('+' == number->number[0]) {
    *size -= 1;
  }

  return 0;
}

json_weak int json_write_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *string,
                                         size_t *size);
int json_write_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *string,
                               size_t *size) {
  size_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < string->string_size; i++) {
    switch (string->string[i]) {
    case '"':
    case '\\':
    case '\b':
    case '\f':
    case '\n':
    case '\r':
    case '\t':
      *size += 2;
      break;
    default:
      *size += 1;
      break;
    }
  }

  *size += 2; /* need to encode the surrounding '"' characters. */

  return 0;
}

json_weak int
json_write_minified_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
                                   size_t *size);
int json_write_minified_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
                                       size_t *size) {
  struct json_array_element_s *element;

  *size += 2; /* '[' and ']'. */

  if (1 < array->length) {
    *size += array->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */
  }

  for (element = array->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
    if (json_write_minified_get_value_size(element->value, size)) {
      /* value was malformed! */
      return 1;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

json_weak int
json_write_minified_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                    size_t *size);
int json_write_minified_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                        size_t *size) {
  struct json_object_element_s *element;

  *size += 2; /* '{' and '}'. */

  *size += object->length; /* ':'s seperate each name/value pair. */

  if (1 < object->length) {
    *size += object->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */
  }

  for (element = object->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
    if (json_write_get_string_size(element->name, size)) {
      /* string was malformed! */
      return 1;
    }

    if (json_write_minified_get_value_size(element->value, size)) {
      /* value was malformed! */
      return 1;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

json_weak int
json_write_minified_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                   size_t *size);
int json_write_minified_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                       size_t *size) {
  switch (value->type) {
  default:
    /* unknown value type found! */
    return 1;
  case json_type_number:
    return json_write_get_number_size((struct json_number_s *)value->payload,
                                      size);
  case json_type_string:
    return json_write_get_string_size((struct json_string_s *)value->payload,
                                      size);
  case json_type_array:
    return json_write_minified_get_array_size(
        (struct json_array_s *)value->payload, size);
  case json_type_object:
    return json_write_minified_get_object_size(
        (struct json_object_s *)value->payload, size);
  case json_type_true:
    *size += 4; /* the string "true". */
    return 0;
  case json_type_false:
    *size += 5; /* the string "false". */
    return 0;
  case json_type_null:
    *size += 4; /* the string "null". */
    return 0;
  }
}

json_weak char *json_write_minified_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                          char *data);

json_weak char *json_write_number(const struct json_number_s *number,
                                  char *data);
char *json_write_number(const struct json_number_s *number, char *data) {
  json_uintmax_t parsed_number, backup;
  size_t i;

  if (number->number_size >= 2) {
    switch (number->number[1]) {
    default:
      break;
    case 'x':
    case 'X':
      /* The number is a json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers hexadecimal
       * so we have to do extra work to convert it to a non-hexadecimal for JSON
       * output. */
      parsed_number = json_strtoumax(number->number, json_null, 0);

      /* We need a copy of parsed number twice, so take a backup of it. */
      backup = parsed_number;

      i = 0;

      while (0 != parsed_number) {
        parsed_number /= 10;
        i++;
      }

      /* Restore parsed_number to its original value stored in the backup. */
      parsed_number = backup;

      /* Now use backup to take a copy of i, or the length of the string. */
      backup = i;

      do {
        *(data + i - 1) = '0' + (char)(parsed_number % 10);
        parsed_number /= 10;
        i--;
      } while (0 != parsed_number);

      data += backup;

      return data;
    }
  }

  /* check to see if the number has leading/trailing decimal point. */
  i = 0;

  /* skip any leading '-'. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) &&
      (('+' == number->number[i]) || ('-' == number->number[i]))) {
    i++;
  }

  /* check if we have infinity. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('I' == number->number[i])) {
    const char *inf = "Infinity";
    size_t k;

    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
      const char c = *inf++;

      /* Check if we found the Infinity string! */
      if ('\0' == c) {
        break;
      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
        break;
      }
    }

    if ('\0' == *inf++) {
      const char *dbl_max;

      /* if we had a leading '-' we need to record it in the JSON output. */
      if ('-' == number->number[0]) {
        *data++ = '-';
      }

      /* Inf becomes 1.7976931348623158e308 because JSON can't support it. */
      for (dbl_max = "1.7976931348623158e308"; '\0' != *dbl_max; dbl_max++) {
        *data++ = *dbl_max;
      }

      return data;
    }
  }

  /* check if we have nan. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('N' == number->number[i])) {
    const char *nan = "NaN";
    size_t k;

    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
      const char c = *nan++;

      /* Check if we found the NaN string! */
      if ('\0' == c) {
        break;
      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
        break;
      }
    }

    if ('\0' == *nan++) {
      /* NaN becomes 0 because JSON can't support it. */
      *data++ = '0';
      return data;
    }
  }

  /* if we had a leading decimal point. */
  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
    i = 0;

    /* skip any leading '+'. */
    if ('+' == number->number[i]) {
      i++;
    }

    /* output the leading '-' if we had one. */
    if ('-' == number->number[i]) {
      *data++ = '-';
      i++;
    }

    /* insert a '0' to fix the leading decimal point for JSON output. */
    *data++ = '0';

    /* and output the rest of the number as normal. */
    for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
      *data++ = number->number[i];
    }

    return data;
  }

  for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
    const char c = number->number[i];
    if (!('0' <= c && c <= '9')) {
      break;
    }
  }

  /* if we had a trailing decimal point. */
  if ((i + 1 == number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
    i = 0;

    /* skip any leading '+'. */
    if ('+' == number->number[i]) {
      i++;
    }

    /* output the leading '-' if we had one. */
    if ('-' == number->number[i]) {
      *data++ = '-';
      i++;
    }

    /* and output the rest of the number as normal. */
    for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
      *data++ = number->number[i];
    }

    /* insert a '0' to fix the trailing decimal point for JSON output. */
    *data++ = '0';

    return data;
  }

  i = 0;

  /* skip any leading '+'. */
  if ('+' == number->number[i]) {
    i++;
  }

  for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
    *data++ = number->number[i];
  }

  return data;
}

json_weak char *json_write_string(const struct json_string_s *string,
                                  char *data);
char *json_write_string(const struct json_string_s *string, char *data) {
  size_t i;

  *data++ = '"'; /* open the string. */

  for (i = 0; i < string->string_size; i++) {
    switch (string->string[i]) {
    case '"':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = '"';
      break;
    case '\\':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = '\\';
      break;
    case '\b':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = 'b';
      break;
    case '\f':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = 'f';
      break;
    case '\n':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = 'n';
      break;
    case '\r':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = 'r';
      break;
    case '\t':
      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
      *data++ = 't';
      break;
    default:
      *data++ = string->string[i];
      break;
    }
  }

  *data++ = '"'; /* close the string. */

  return data;
}

json_weak char *json_write_minified_array(const struct json_array_s *array,
                                          char *data);
char *json_write_minified_array(const struct json_array_s *array, char *data) {
  struct json_array_element_s *element = json_null;

  *data++ = '['; /* open the array. */

  for (element = array->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
    if (element != array->start) {
      *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */
    }

    data = json_write_minified_value(element->value, data);

    if (json_null == data) {
      /* value was malformed! */
      return json_null;
    }
  }

  *data++ = ']'; /* close the array. */

  return data;
}

json_weak char *json_write_minified_object(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                           char *data);
char *json_write_minified_object(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                 char *data) {
  struct json_object_element_s *element = json_null;

  *data++ = '{'; /* open the object. */

  for (element = object->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
    if (element != object->start) {
      *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */
    }

    data = json_write_string(element->name, data);

    if (json_null == data) {
      /* string was malformed! */
      return json_null;
    }

    *data++ = ':'; /* ':'s seperate each name/value pair. */

    data = json_write_minified_value(element->value, data);

    if (json_null == data) {
      /* value was malformed! */
      return json_null;
    }
  }

  *data++ = '}'; /* close the object. */

  return data;
}

json_weak char *json_write_minified_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                          char *data);
char *json_write_minified_value(const struct json_value_s *value, char *data) {
  switch (value->type) {
  default:
    /* unknown value type found! */
    return json_null;
  case json_type_number:
    return json_write_number((struct json_number_s *)value->payload, data);
  case json_type_string:
    return json_write_string((struct json_string_s *)value->payload, data);
  case json_type_array:
    return json_write_minified_array((struct json_array_s *)value->payload,
                                     data);
  case json_type_object:
    return json_write_minified_object((struct json_object_s *)value->payload,
                                      data);
  case json_type_true:
    data[0] = 't';
    data[1] = 'r';
    data[2] = 'u';
    data[3] = 'e';
    return data + 4;
  case json_type_false:
    data[0] = 'f';
    data[1] = 'a';
    data[2] = 'l';
    data[3] = 's';
    data[4] = 'e';
    return data + 5;
  case json_type_null:
    data[0] = 'n';
    data[1] = 'u';
    data[2] = 'l';
    data[3] = 'l';
    return data + 4;
  }
}

void *json_write_minified(const struct json_value_s *value, size_t *out_size) {
  size_t size = 0;
  char *data = json_null;
  char *data_end = json_null;

  if (json_null == value) {
    return json_null;
  }

  if (json_write_minified_get_value_size(value, &size)) {
    /* value was malformed! */
    return json_null;
  }

  size += 1; /* for the '\0' null terminating character. */

  data = (char *)malloc(size);

  if (json_null == data) {
    /* malloc failed! */
    return json_null;
  }

  data_end = json_write_minified_value(value, data);

  if (json_null == data_end) {
    /* bad chi occurred! */
    free(data);
    return json_null;
  }

  /* null terminated the string. */
  *data_end = '\0';

  if (json_null != out_size) {
    *out_size = size;
  }

  return data;
}

json_weak int json_write_pretty_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                               size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                               size_t newline_size,
                                               size_t *size);

json_weak int json_write_pretty_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
                                               size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                               size_t newline_size,
                                               size_t *size);
int json_write_pretty_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
                                     size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                     size_t newline_size, size_t *size) {
  struct json_array_element_s *element;

  *size += 1; /* '['. */

  if (0 < array->length) {
    /* if we have any elements we need to add a newline after our '['. */
    *size += newline_size;

    *size += array->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */

    for (element = array->start; json_null != element;
         element = element->next) {
      /* each element gets an indent. */
      *size += (depth + 1) * indent_size;

      if (json_write_pretty_get_value_size(element->value, depth + 1,
                                           indent_size, newline_size, size)) {
        /* value was malformed! */
        return 1;
      }

      /* each element gets a newline too. */
      *size += newline_size;
    }

    /* since we wrote out some elements, need to add a newline and indentation.
     */
    /* to the trailing ']'. */
    *size += depth * indent_size;
  }

  *size += 1; /* ']'. */

  return 0;
}

json_weak int
json_write_pretty_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                  size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                  size_t newline_size, size_t *size);
int json_write_pretty_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                      size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                      size_t newline_size, size_t *size) {
  struct json_object_element_s *element;

  *size += 1; /* '{'. */

  if (0 < object->length) {
    *size += newline_size; /* need a newline next. */

    *size += object->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */

    for (element = object->start; json_null != element;
         element = element->next) {
      /* each element gets an indent and newline. */
      *size += (depth + 1) * indent_size;
      *size += newline_size;

      if (json_write_get_string_size(element->name, size)) {
        /* string was malformed! */
        return 1;
      }

      *size += 3; /* seperate each name/value pair with " : ". */

      if (json_write_pretty_get_value_size(element->value, depth + 1,
                                           indent_size, newline_size, size)) {
        /* value was malformed! */
        return 1;
      }
    }

    *size += depth * indent_size;
  }

  *size += 1; /* '}'. */

  return 0;
}

json_weak int json_write_pretty_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                               size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                               size_t newline_size,
                                               size_t *size);
int json_write_pretty_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                     size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
                                     size_t newline_size, size_t *size) {
  switch (value->type) {
  default:
    /* unknown value type found! */
    return 1;
  case json_type_number:
    return json_write_get_number_size((struct json_number_s *)value->payload,
                                      size);
  case json_type_string:
    return json_write_get_string_size((struct json_string_s *)value->payload,
                                      size);
  case json_type_array:
    return json_write_pretty_get_array_size(
        (struct json_array_s *)value->payload, depth, indent_size, newline_size,
        size);
  case json_type_object:
    return json_write_pretty_get_object_size(
        (struct json_object_s *)value->payload, depth, indent_size,
        newline_size, size);
  case json_type_true:
    *size += 4; /* the string "true". */
    return 0;
  case json_type_false:
    *size += 5; /* the string "false". */
    return 0;
  case json_type_null:
    *size += 4; /* the string "null". */
    return 0;
  }
}

json_weak char *json_write_pretty_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                        size_t depth, const char *indent,
                                        const char *newline, char *data);

json_weak char *json_write_pretty_array(const struct json_array_s *array,
                                        size_t depth, const char *indent,
                                        const char *newline, char *data);
char *json_write_pretty_array(const struct json_array_s *array, size_t depth,
                              const char *indent, const char *newline,
                              char *data) {
  size_t k, m;
  struct json_array_element_s *element;

  *data++ = '['; /* open the array. */

  if (0 < array->length) {
    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
      *data++ = newline[k];
    }

    for (element = array->start; json_null != element;
         element = element->next) {
      if (element != array->start) {
        *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */

        for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
          *data++ = newline[k];
        }
      }

      for (k = 0; k < depth + 1; k++) {
        for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
          *data++ = indent[m];
        }
      }

      data = json_write_pretty_value(element->value, depth + 1, indent, newline,
                                     data);

      if (json_null == data) {
        /* value was malformed! */
        return json_null;
      }
    }

    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
      *data++ = newline[k];
    }

    for (k = 0; k < depth; k++) {
      for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
        *data++ = indent[m];
      }
    }
  }

  *data++ = ']'; /* close the array. */

  return data;
}

json_weak char *json_write_pretty_object(const struct json_object_s *object,
                                         size_t depth, const char *indent,
                                         const char *newline, char *data);
char *json_write_pretty_object(const struct json_object_s *object, size_t depth,
                               const char *indent, const char *newline,
                               char *data) {
  size_t k, m;
  struct json_object_element_s *element;

  *data++ = '{'; /* open the object. */

  if (0 < object->length) {
    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
      *data++ = newline[k];
    }

    for (element = object->start; json_null != element;
         element = element->next) {
      if (element != object->start) {
        *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */

        for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
          *data++ = newline[k];
        }
      }

      for (k = 0; k < depth + 1; k++) {
        for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
          *data++ = indent[m];
        }
      }

      data = json_write_string(element->name, data);

      if (json_null == data) {
        /* string was malformed! */
        return json_null;
      }

      /* " : "s seperate each name/value pair. */
      *data++ = ' ';
      *data++ = ':';
      *data++ = ' ';

      data = json_write_pretty_value(element->value, depth + 1, indent, newline,
                                     data);

      if (json_null == data) {
        /* value was malformed! */
        return json_null;
      }
    }

    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
      *data++ = newline[k];
    }

    for (k = 0; k < depth; k++) {
      for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
        *data++ = indent[m];
      }
    }
  }

  *data++ = '}'; /* close the object. */

  return data;
}

json_weak char *json_write_pretty_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
                                        size_t depth, const char *indent,
                                        const char *newline, char *data);
char *json_write_pretty_value(const struct json_value_s *value, size_t depth,
                              const char *indent, const char *newline,
                              char *data) {
  switch (value->type) {
  default:
    /* unknown value type found! */
    return json_null;
  case json_type_number:
    return json_write_number((struct json_number_s *)value->payload, data);
  case json_type_string:
    return json_write_string((struct json_string_s *)value->payload, data);
  case json_type_array:
    return json_write_pretty_array((struct json_array_s *)value->payload, depth,
                                   indent, newline, data);
  case json_type_object:
    return json_write_pretty_object((struct json_object_s *)value->payload,
                                    depth, indent, newline, data);
  case json_type_true:
    data[0] = 't';
    data[1] = 'r';
    data[2] = 'u';
    data[3] = 'e';
    return data + 4;
  case json_type_false:
    data[0] = 'f';
    data[1] = 'a';
    data[2] = 'l';
    data[3] = 's';
    data[4] = 'e';
    return data + 5;
  case json_type_null:
    data[0] = 'n';
    data[1] = 'u';
    data[2] = 'l';
    data[3] = 'l';
    return data + 4;
  }
}

void *json_write_pretty(const struct json_value_s *value, const char *indent,
                        const char *newline, size_t *out_size) {
  size_t size = 0;
  size_t indent_size = 0;
  size_t newline_size = 0;
  char *data = json_null;
  char *data_end = json_null;

  if (json_null == value) {
    return json_null;
  }

  if (json_null == indent) {
    indent = "  "; /* default to two spaces. */
  }

  if (json_null == newline) {
    newline = "\n"; /* default to linux newlines. */
  }

  while ('\0' != indent[indent_size]) {
    ++indent_size; /* skip non-null terminating characters. */
  }

  while ('\0' != newline[newline_size]) {
    ++newline_size; /* skip non-null terminating characters. */
  }

  if (json_write_pretty_get_value_size(value, 0, indent_size, newline_size,
                                       &size)) {
    /* value was malformed! */
    return json_null;
  }

  size += 1; /* for the '\0' null terminating character. */

  data = (char *)malloc(size);

  if (json_null == data) {
    /* malloc failed! */
    return json_null;
  }

  data_end = json_write_pretty_value(value, 0, indent, newline, data);

  if (json_null == data_end) {
    /* bad chi occurred! */
    free(data);
    return json_null;
  }

  /* null terminated the string. */
  *data_end = '\0';

  if (json_null != out_size) {
    *out_size = size;
  }

  return data;
}

#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

#endif /* SHEREDOM_JSON_H_INCLUDED. */