diff --git a/include/abstract_graph_store.h b/include/abstract_graph_store.h
index 00f237ec1..afa5a6d96 100644
--- a/include/abstract_graph_store.h
+++ b/include/abstract_graph_store.h
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ class AbstractGraphStore
     {
     }
 
-    virtual int load(const std::string &index_path_prefix) = 0;
-    virtual int store(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points) = 0;
+    virtual int load(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points) = 0;
+    virtual int store(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points, const size_t num_fz_points) = 0;
 
     // not synchronised, user should use lock when necvessary.
     virtual std::vector<location_t> &get_neighbours(const location_t i) = 0;
diff --git a/include/in_mem_graph_store.h b/include/in_mem_graph_store.h
index 3b8f6cbfd..9e92e428e 100644
--- a/include/in_mem_graph_store.h
+++ b/include/in_mem_graph_store.h
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ namespace diskann
 class InMemGraphStore : public AbstractGraphStore
 {
   public:
-    InMemGraphStore(const size_t total_pts, const size_t num_frozen_points);
+    InMemGraphStore(const size_t total_pts);
 
-    int load(const std::string &index_path_prefix);
-    int store(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points);
+    int load(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points);
+    int store(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points, const size_t num_froxen_points);
 
     virtual std::vector<location_t> &get_neighbours(const location_t i) override;
     virtual void set_neighbours(const location_t i, std::vector<location_t> &neighbors) override;
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ class InMemGraphStore : public AbstractGraphStore
     virtual location_t load_impl(AlignedFileReader &reader, size_t expected_num_points);
 #endif
 
-    int save_graph(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t active_points);
+    int save_graph(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t active_points, const size_t num_frozen_points);
 
   private:
     size_t _max_range_of_graph = 0;
     uint32_t _max_observed_degree = 0;
     uint32_t _start = 0;
-    size_t _num_frozen_pts;
+
     std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> _graph;
 };
 
diff --git a/include/index.h b/include/index.h
index 422bf8dd7..3d7a7fb28 100644
--- a/include/index.h
+++ b/include/index.h
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ template <typename T, typename TagT = uint32_t, typename LabelT = uint32_t> clas
     // externally and won't be returned by search. At least 1 frozen point is
     // needed for a dynamic index. The frozen points have consecutive locations.
     // See also _start below.
-    size_t _num_frozen_pts;
+    size_t _num_frozen_pts = 0;
     size_t _node_size;
     size_t _data_len;
     size_t _neighbor_len;
diff --git a/include/index_factory.h b/include/index_factory.h
index 5e5e97ec1..3d1eb7992 100644
--- a/include/index_factory.h
+++ b/include/index_factory.h
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ class IndexFactory
     std::unique_ptr<AbstractDataStore<T>> construct_datastore(DataStoreStrategy stratagy, size_t num_points,
                                                               size_t dimension);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<AbstractGraphStore> construct_graphstore(GraphStoreStrategy stratagy, size_t size,
-                                                             size_t frozen_points);
+    std::unique_ptr<AbstractGraphStore> construct_graphstore(GraphStoreStrategy stratagy, size_t size);
 
     template <typename data_type, typename tag_type, typename label_type>
     std::unique_ptr<AbstractIndex> create_instance();
diff --git a/src/in_mem_graph_store.cpp b/src/in_mem_graph_store.cpp
index 80cafec26..281574af7 100644
--- a/src/in_mem_graph_store.cpp
+++ b/src/in_mem_graph_store.cpp
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
 namespace diskann
 {
 
-InMemGraphStore::InMemGraphStore(const size_t total_pts, const size_t num_frozen_pts)
-    : AbstractGraphStore(total_pts), _num_frozen_pts(num_frozen_pts)
+InMemGraphStore::InMemGraphStore(const size_t total_pts) : AbstractGraphStore(total_pts)
 {
 }
 
-int InMemGraphStore::load(const std::string &index_path_prefix)
+int InMemGraphStore::load(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points)
 {
-    return load_impl(index_path_prefix, get_total_points());
+    return load_impl(index_path_prefix, num_points);
 }
-int InMemGraphStore::store(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points)
+int InMemGraphStore::store(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points,
+                           const size_t num_frozen_points)
 {
-    return save_graph(index_path_prefix, num_points);
+    return save_graph(index_path_prefix, num_points, num_frozen_points);
 }
 std::vector<location_t> &InMemGraphStore::get_neighbours(const location_t i)
 {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void InMemGraphStore::clear_graph()
 location_t InMemGraphStore::load_impl(const std::string &filename, size_t expected_num_points)
 {
     size_t expected_file_size;
-    size_t file_frozen_pts;
+
     auto max_points = get_max_points();
     int header_size = 2 * sizeof(size_t) + 2 * sizeof(uint32_t);
     std::unique_ptr<char[]> header = std::make_unique<char[]>(header_size);
@@ -146,38 +146,14 @@ location_t InMemGraphStore::load_impl(const std::string &filename, size_t expect
                   << ", _max_observed_degree: " << _max_observed_degree << ", _start: " << _start
                   << ", file_frozen_pts: " << file_frozen_pts << std::endl;
 
-    if (file_frozen_pts != _num_frozen_pts)
-    {
-        std::stringstream stream;
-        if (file_frozen_pts == 1)
-        {
-            stream << "ERROR: When loading graph, detected dynamic index, but "
-                      "constructor asks for static index. Exitting."
-                   << std::endl;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            stream << "ERROR: When loading index, detected static index, but "
-                      "constructor asks for dynamic index. Exitting."
-                   << std::endl;
-        }
-        diskann::cerr << stream.str() << std::endl;
-        throw diskann::ANNException(stream.str(), -1, __FUNCSIG__, __FILE__, __LINE__);
-    }
-
     diskann::cout << "Loading vamana graph " << filename << "..." << std::flush;
 
-    const size_t expected_max_points = expected_num_points - file_frozen_pts;
-
     // If user provides more points than max_points
     // resize the _graph to the larger size.
-    auto max_points = get_total_points() - _num_frozen_pts; // from parent class holding max_pts
-    if (max_points < expected_max_points)
+    if (get_total_points() < expected_num_points)
     {
-        diskann::cout << "Number of points in data: " << expected_max_points
-                      << " is greater than max_points: " << max_points
-                      << " Setting max points to: " << expected_max_points << std::endl;
-        _graph.resize(expected_max_points + file_frozen_pts);
+        diskann::cout << "resizing graph to " << expected_num_points << std::endl;
+        _graph.resize(expected_num_points);
     }
 
     size_t bytes_read = vamana_metadata_size;
@@ -213,7 +189,8 @@ location_t InMemGraphStore::load_impl(const std::string &filename, size_t expect
     return nodes_read;
 }
 
-int InMemGraphStore::save_graph(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points)
+int InMemGraphStore::save_graph(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size_t num_points,
+                                const size_t num_frozen_points)
 {
     std::ofstream out;
     open_file_to_write(out, index_path_prefix);
@@ -226,7 +203,7 @@ int InMemGraphStore::save_graph(const std::string &index_path_prefix, const size
     out.write((char *)&_max_observed_degree, sizeof(uint32_t));
     uint32_t ep_u32 = _start;
     out.write((char *)&ep_u32, sizeof(uint32_t));
-    out.write((char *)&_num_frozen_pts, sizeof(size_t));
+    out.write((char *)&num_frozen_points, sizeof(size_t));
 
     // Note: num_points = _nd + _num_frozen_points
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_points; i++)
diff --git a/src/index.cpp b/src/index.cpp
index c1d9a1dab..b478823ed 100644
--- a/src/index.cpp
+++ b/src/index.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Index<T, TagT, LabelT>::Index(Metric m, const size_t dim, const size_t max_point
         _data_store =
             std::make_unique<diskann::InMemDataStore<T>>((location_t)total_internal_points, _dim, this->_distance);
         // init graph store => TODO : graph store should be injected
-        _graph_store = std::make_unique<diskann::InMemGraphStore>(total_internal_points, _num_frozen_pts);
+        _graph_store = std::make_unique<diskann::InMemGraphStore>(total_internal_points);
         _graph_store->set_start((uint32_t)_max_points);
         _graph_store->resize_graph(total_internal_points);
     }
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ template <typename T, typename TagT, typename LabelT> size_t Index<T, TagT, Labe
 // 4 byte uint32_t)
 template <typename T, typename TagT, typename LabelT> size_t Index<T, TagT, LabelT>::save_graph(std::string graph_file)
 {
-    return _graph_store->store(graph_file, _nd + _num_frozen_pts);
+    return _graph_store->store(graph_file, _nd + _num_frozen_pts, _num_frozen_pts);
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename TagT, typename LabelT>
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ size_t Index<T, TagT, LabelT>::load_graph(std::string filename, size_t expected_
 {
 #endif
 
-    return _graph_store->load(filename);
+    return _graph_store->load(filename, expected_num_points);
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename TagT, typename LabelT>
diff --git a/src/index_factory.cpp b/src/index_factory.cpp
index b5ea3d30b..39f9adaaa 100644
--- a/src/index_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/index_factory.cpp
@@ -75,13 +75,12 @@ std::unique_ptr<AbstractDataStore<T>> IndexFactory::construct_datastore(DataStor
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<AbstractGraphStore> IndexFactory::construct_graphstore(GraphStoreStrategy strategy, size_t size,
-                                                                       size_t frozen_points)
+std::unique_ptr<AbstractGraphStore> IndexFactory::construct_graphstore(GraphStoreStrategy strategy, size_t size)
 {
     switch (strategy)
     {
     case GraphStoreStrategy::MEMORY:
-        return std::make_unique<InMemGraphStore>(size, frozen_points);
+        return std::make_unique<InMemGraphStore>(size);
     default:
         throw ANNException("Error : Current GraphStoreStratagy is not supported.", -1);
     }
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<AbstractIndex> IndexFactory::create_instance()
     size_t num_points = _config->max_points;
     size_t dim = _config->dimension;
     auto data_store = construct_datastore<data_type>(_config->data_strategy, num_points, dim);
-    auto graph_store = construct_graphstore(_config->graph_strategy, num_points, _config->num_frozen_pts);
+    auto graph_store = construct_graphstore(_config->graph_strategy, num_points + _config->num_frozen_pts);
     return std::make_unique<diskann::Index<data_type, tag_type, label_type>>(*_config, std::move(data_store),
                                                                              std::move(graph_store));
 }