diff --git a/.github/workflows/integration.yml b/.github/workflows/integration.yml
index bffc1c597b4c9..af9a98ed437f8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/integration.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/integration.yml
@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           repository: apache/arrow-nanoarrow
           path: nanoarrow
+      - name: Checkout Arrow Go
+        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
+        with:
+          repository: apache/arrow-go
+          path: go
       - name: Free up disk space
         run: |
           ci/scripts/util_free_space.sh
@@ -104,6 +109,7 @@ jobs:
           source ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run \
             -e ARCHERY_DEFAULT_BRANCH=${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }} \
+            -e ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_GO=1 \
             -e ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_NANOARROW=1 \
             -e ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_RUST=1 \
             conda-integration
diff --git a/ci/scripts/integration_arrow.sh b/ci/scripts/integration_arrow.sh
index ecb6b261ef1ee..079521d9a368a 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/integration_arrow.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/integration_arrow.sh
@@ -26,11 +26,10 @@ gold_dir=$arrow_dir/testing/data/arrow-ipc-stream/integration
 
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_CPP:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_CSHARP:=ON}
-: ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_GO:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_JAVA:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_JS:=ON}
 
-: ${ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_TARGET_LANGUAGES:=cpp,csharp,go,java,js}
+: ${ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_TARGET_LANGUAGES:=cpp,csharp,java,js}
 export ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_TARGET_LANGUAGES
 
 . ${arrow_dir}/ci/scripts/util_log.sh
@@ -67,7 +66,6 @@ time archery integration \
     --run-flight \
     --with-cpp=$([ "$ARROW_INTEGRATION_CPP" == "ON" ] && echo "1" || echo "0") \
     --with-csharp=$([ "$ARROW_INTEGRATION_CSHARP" == "ON" ] && echo "1" || echo "0") \
-    --with-go=$([ "$ARROW_INTEGRATION_GO" == "ON" ] && echo "1" || echo "0") \
     --with-java=$([ "$ARROW_INTEGRATION_JAVA" == "ON" ] && echo "1" || echo "0") \
     --with-js=$([ "$ARROW_INTEGRATION_JS" == "ON" ] && echo "1" || echo "0") \
     --gold-dirs=$gold_dir/0.14.1 \
diff --git a/ci/scripts/integration_arrow_build.sh b/ci/scripts/integration_arrow_build.sh
index 8fca0d434b75e..4dfcf8768c71f 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/integration_arrow_build.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/integration_arrow_build.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ build_dir=${2}
 
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_CPP:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_CSHARP:=ON}
-: ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_GO:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_JAVA:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_INTEGRATION_JS:=ON}
 
@@ -38,6 +37,12 @@ github_actions_group_begin "Integration: Build: nanoarrow"
 ${arrow_dir}/ci/scripts/nanoarrow_build.sh ${arrow_dir} ${build_dir}
 github_actions_group_end
 
+github_actions_group_begin "Integration: Build: Go"
+if [ "${ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_GO}" -gt "0" ]; then
+    ${arrow_dir}/go/ci/scripts/build.sh ${arrow_dir}/go
+fi
+github_actions_group_end
+
 github_actions_group_begin "Integration: Build: C++"
 if [ "${ARROW_INTEGRATION_CPP}" == "ON" ]; then
     ${arrow_dir}/ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh ${arrow_dir} ${build_dir}
@@ -50,12 +55,6 @@ if [ "${ARROW_INTEGRATION_CSHARP}" == "ON" ]; then
 fi
 github_actions_group_end
 
-github_actions_group_begin "Integration: Build: Go"
-if [ "${ARROW_INTEGRATION_GO}" == "ON" ]; then
-    ${arrow_dir}/ci/scripts/go_build.sh ${arrow_dir} ${build_dir}
-fi
-github_actions_group_end
-
 github_actions_group_begin "Integration: Build: Java"
 if [ "${ARROW_INTEGRATION_JAVA}" == "ON" ]; then
     export ARROW_JAVA_CDATA="ON"
diff --git a/dev/archery/archery/cli.py b/dev/archery/archery/cli.py
index 64481b8ff62a4..49699e81d57f5 100644
--- a/dev/archery/archery/cli.py
+++ b/dev/archery/archery/cli.py
@@ -737,7 +737,8 @@ def _set_default(opt, default):
 @click.option('--with-js', type=bool, default=False,
               help='Include JavaScript in integration tests')
 @click.option('--with-go', type=bool, default=False,
-              help='Include Go in integration tests')
+              help='Include Go in integration tests',
+              envvar="ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_GO")
 @click.option('--with-nanoarrow', type=bool, default=False,
               help='Include nanoarrow in integration tests',
               envvar="ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_NANOARROW")
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 66607157318a2..a76ee49490a6e 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -1870,6 +1870,7 @@ services:
     volumes: *conda-volumes
     environment:
       <<: [*common, *ccache]
+      ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_GO: 0
       ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_NANOARROW: 0
       ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_RUST: 0
       # Tell Archery where Arrow binaries are located
@@ -1877,7 +1878,8 @@ services:
       ARROW_NANOARROW_PATH: /build/nanoarrow
       ARROW_RUST_EXE_PATH: /build/rust/debug
     command:
-      ["/arrow/ci/scripts/integration_arrow_build.sh /arrow /build &&
+      ["git config --global --add safe.directory /arrow/go &&
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/integration_arrow_build.sh /arrow /build &&
         /arrow/ci/scripts/integration_arrow.sh /arrow /build"]
 
   ################################ Docs #######################################