polymorphic.h

/* Copyright (c) 2016 The Value Types Authors. All Rights Reserved.

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#ifndef XYZ_POLYMORPHIC_H_
#define XYZ_POLYMORPHIC_H_

#include <cassert>
#include <concepts>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <memory>
#include <utility>

#ifndef XYZ_POLYMORPHIC_HAS_EXTENDED_CONSTRUCTORS
#define XYZ_POLYMORPHIC_HAS_EXTENDED_CONSTRUCTORS 1
#endif  // XYZ_POLYMORPHIC_HAS_EXTENDED_CONSTRUCTORS

namespace xyz {

#ifndef XYZ_UNREACHABLE_DEFINED
#define XYZ_UNREACHABLE_DEFINED
[[noreturn]] inline void unreachable() {  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
#if (__cpp_lib_unreachable >= 202202L)
  std::unreachable();  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
  __assume(false);  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
#else
  __builtin_unreachable();  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
#endif
}
#endif  // XYZ_UNREACHABLE_DEFINED

namespace detail {
template <class T, class A>
struct control_block {
  using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<A>;

  typename allocator_traits::pointer p_;

  virtual constexpr ~control_block() = default;
  virtual constexpr void destroy(A& alloc) = 0;
  virtual constexpr control_block<T, A>* clone(const A& alloc) = 0;
  virtual constexpr control_block<T, A>* move(const A& alloc) = 0;
};

template <class T, class U, class A>
class direct_control_block final : public control_block<T, A> {
  union uninitialized_storage {
    U u_;
    constexpr uninitialized_storage() {}
    constexpr ~uninitialized_storage() {}
  } storage_;

  using cb_allocator = typename std::allocator_traits<A>::template rebind_alloc<
      direct_control_block<T, U, A>>;
  using cb_alloc_traits = std::allocator_traits<cb_allocator>;

 public:
  template <class... Ts>
  constexpr direct_control_block(const A& alloc, Ts&&... ts) {
    cb_allocator cb_alloc(alloc);
    cb_alloc_traits::construct(cb_alloc, std::addressof(storage_.u_),
                               std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
    control_block<T, A>::p_ = std::addressof(storage_.u_);
  }

  constexpr control_block<T, A>* clone(const A& alloc) override {
    cb_allocator cb_alloc(alloc);
    auto mem = cb_alloc_traits::allocate(cb_alloc, 1);
    try {
      cb_alloc_traits::construct(cb_alloc, mem, alloc, storage_.u_);
      return mem;
    } catch (...) {
      cb_alloc_traits::deallocate(cb_alloc, mem, 1);
      throw;
    }
  }

  constexpr control_block<T, A>* move(const A& alloc) override {
    cb_allocator cb_alloc(alloc);
    auto mem = cb_alloc_traits::allocate(cb_alloc, 1);
    try {
      cb_alloc_traits::construct(cb_alloc, mem, alloc, std::move(storage_.u_));
      return mem;
    } catch (...) {
      cb_alloc_traits::deallocate(cb_alloc, mem, 1);
      throw;
    }
  }

  constexpr void destroy(A& alloc) override {
    cb_allocator cb_alloc(alloc);
    cb_alloc_traits::destroy(cb_alloc, std::addressof(storage_.u_));
    cb_alloc_traits::deallocate(cb_alloc, this, 1);
  }
};

}  // namespace detail

template <class T, class A = std::allocator<T>>
class polymorphic {
  using cblock_t = detail::control_block<T, A>;
  cblock_t* cb_;

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
  // https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/msvc-cpp20-and-the-std-cpp20-switch/#msvc-extensions-and-abi
  [[msvc::no_unique_address]] A alloc_;
#else
  [[no_unique_address]] A alloc_;
#endif

  using allocator_traits = std::allocator_traits<A>;

  template <class U, class... Ts>
  [[nodiscard]] constexpr cblock_t* create_control_block(Ts&&... ts) const {
    using cb_allocator = typename std::allocator_traits<
        A>::template rebind_alloc<detail::direct_control_block<T, U, A>>;
    cb_allocator cb_alloc(alloc_);
    using cb_alloc_traits = std::allocator_traits<cb_allocator>;
    auto mem = cb_alloc_traits::allocate(cb_alloc, 1);
    try {
      cb_alloc_traits::construct(cb_alloc, mem, alloc_,
                                 std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
      return mem;
    } catch (...) {
      cb_alloc_traits::deallocate(cb_alloc, mem, 1);
      throw;
    }
  }

 public:
  using value_type = T;
  using allocator_type = A;
  using pointer = typename allocator_traits::pointer;
  using const_pointer = typename allocator_traits::const_pointer;

  // The template type TT defers the constraint evaluation until the constructor
  // is instantiated.
  template <typename TT = T>
  explicit constexpr polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t, const A& alloc)
    requires(std::is_default_constructible_v<TT> &&
             std::is_copy_constructible_v<TT>)
      : alloc_(alloc) {
    cb_ = create_control_block<T>();
  }

  // The template type TT defers the constraint evaluation until the constructor
  // is instantiated.
  template <typename TT = T>
  explicit constexpr polymorphic()
    requires(std::is_default_constructible_v<TT> &&
             std::is_copy_constructible_v<TT>)
      : polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t{}, A{}) {}

  template <class U>
  constexpr explicit polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t, const A& alloc, U&& u)
    requires(not std::same_as<polymorphic, std::remove_cvref_t<U>>) &&
            std::copy_constructible<std::remove_cvref_t<U>> &&
            std::derived_from<std::remove_cvref_t<U>, T>
      : alloc_(alloc) {
    cb_ = create_control_block<std::remove_cvref_t<U>>(std::forward<U>(u));
  }

  template <class U>
  constexpr explicit polymorphic(U&& u)
    requires(not std::same_as<polymorphic, std::remove_cvref_t<U>>) &&
            std::copy_constructible<std::remove_cvref_t<U>> &&
            std::derived_from<std::remove_cvref_t<U>, T>
      : polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t{}, A{}, std::forward<U>(u)) {}

  template <class U, class... Ts>
  explicit constexpr polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t, const A& alloc,
                                 std::in_place_type_t<U>, Ts&&... ts)
    requires std::constructible_from<U, Ts&&...> &&
             std::copy_constructible<U> && std::derived_from<U, T>
      : alloc_(alloc) {
    cb_ = create_control_block<U>(std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
  }

  template <class U, class... Ts>
  explicit constexpr polymorphic(std::in_place_type_t<U>, Ts&&... ts)
    requires std::constructible_from<U, Ts&&...> &&
             std::copy_constructible<U> && std::derived_from<U, T>
      : polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t{}, A{}, std::in_place_type<U>,
                    std::forward<Ts>(ts)...) {}

  template <class U, class I, class... Ts>
  explicit constexpr polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t, const A& alloc,
                                 std::in_place_type_t<U>,
                                 std::initializer_list<I> ilist, Ts&&... ts)
    requires std::constructible_from<U, std::initializer_list<I>, Ts&&...> &&
             std::copy_constructible<U> && std::derived_from<U, T>
      : alloc_(alloc) {
    cb_ = create_control_block<U>(ilist, std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
  }

  template <class U, class I, class... Ts>
  explicit constexpr polymorphic(std::in_place_type_t<U>,
                                 std::initializer_list<I> ilist, Ts&&... ts)
    requires std::constructible_from<U, std::initializer_list<I>, Ts&&...> &&
             std::copy_constructible<U> && std::derived_from<U, T>
      : polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t{}, A{}, std::in_place_type<U>, ilist,
                    std::forward<Ts>(ts)...) {}

  constexpr polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t, const A& alloc,
                        const polymorphic& other)
      : alloc_(alloc) {
    if (!other.valueless_after_move()) {
      cb_ = other.cb_->clone(alloc_);
    } else {
      cb_ = nullptr;
    }
  }

  constexpr polymorphic(const polymorphic& other)
      : polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t{},
                    allocator_traits::select_on_container_copy_construction(
                        other.alloc_),
                    other) {}

  constexpr polymorphic(
      std::allocator_arg_t, const A& alloc,
      polymorphic&& other) noexcept(allocator_traits::is_always_equal::value)
      : alloc_(alloc) {
    if constexpr (allocator_traits::is_always_equal::value) {
      cb_ = std::exchange(other.cb_, nullptr);
    } else {
      if (alloc_ == other.alloc_) {
        cb_ = std::exchange(other.cb_, nullptr);
      } else {
        if (!other.valueless_after_move()) {
          cb_ = other.cb_->move(alloc_);
        } else {
          cb_ = nullptr;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  constexpr polymorphic(polymorphic&& other) noexcept(
      allocator_traits::is_always_equal::value)
      : polymorphic(std::allocator_arg_t{}, other.alloc_, std::move(other)) {}

  constexpr ~polymorphic() { reset(); }

  constexpr polymorphic& operator=(const polymorphic& other) {
    if (this == &other) return *this;

    // Check to see if the allocators need to be updated.
    // We defer actually updating the allocator until later because it may be
    // needed to delete the current control block.
    bool update_alloc =
        allocator_traits::propagate_on_container_copy_assignment::value;

    if (other.valueless_after_move()) {
      reset();
    } else {
      // Constructing a new control block could throw so we need to defer
      // resetting or updating allocators until this is done.

      // Inlining the allocator into the construct_from call confuses LCOV.
      auto tmp = other.cb_->clone(update_alloc ? other.alloc_ : alloc_);
      reset();
      cb_ = tmp;
    }
    if (update_alloc) {
      alloc_ = other.alloc_;
    }
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr polymorphic& operator=(polymorphic&& other) noexcept(
      allocator_traits::propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value ||
      allocator_traits::is_always_equal::value) {
    if (this == &other) return *this;

    // Check to see if the allocators need to be updated.
    // We defer actually updating the allocator until later because it may be
    // needed to delete the current control block.
    bool update_alloc =
        allocator_traits::propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value;

    if (other.valueless_after_move()) {
      reset();
    } else {
      if (alloc_ == other.alloc_) {
        std::swap(cb_, other.cb_);
        other.reset();
      } else {
        // Constructing a new control block could throw so we need to defer
        // resetting or updating allocators until this is done.

        // Inlining the allocator into the construct_from call confuses LCOV.
        auto tmp = other.cb_->move(update_alloc ? other.alloc_ : alloc_);
        reset();
        cb_ = tmp;
      }
    }

    if (update_alloc) {
      alloc_ = other.alloc_;
    }
    return *this;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() noexcept {
    assert(!valueless_after_move());  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
    return cb_->p_;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_pointer operator->() const noexcept {
    assert(!valueless_after_move());  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
    return cb_->p_;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] constexpr T& operator*() noexcept {
    assert(!valueless_after_move());  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
    return *cb_->p_;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const T& operator*() const noexcept {
    assert(!valueless_after_move());  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
    return *cb_->p_;
  }

  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool valueless_after_move() const noexcept {
    return cb_ == nullptr;
  }

  constexpr allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept { return alloc_; }

  constexpr void swap(polymorphic& other) noexcept(
      std::allocator_traits<A>::propagate_on_container_swap::value ||
      std::allocator_traits<A>::is_always_equal::value) {
    if constexpr (allocator_traits::propagate_on_container_swap::value) {
      // If allocators move with their allocated objects, we can swap both.
      std::swap(alloc_, other.alloc_);
      std::swap(cb_, other.cb_);
      return;
    } else /* constexpr */ {
      if (alloc_ == other.alloc_) {
        std::swap(cb_, other.cb_);
      } else {
        unreachable();  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
      }
    }
  }

  friend constexpr void swap(polymorphic& lhs, polymorphic& rhs) noexcept(
      noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs))) {
    lhs.swap(rhs);
  }

 private:
  constexpr void reset() noexcept {
    if (cb_ != nullptr) {
      cb_->destroy(alloc_);
      cb_ = nullptr;
    }
  }
};  // namespace xyz

}  // namespace xyz

#endif  // XYZ_POLYMORPHIC_H_