python_tricks.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Chapter 2 : **Assert**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AssertionError",
     "evalue": "discount should not greater than 1.0",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb Cell 2\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 7>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=3'>4</a>\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m price\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=5'>6</a>\u001b[0m shoes \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m {\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mname\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m : \u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39mNike Shoes\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m, \u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39mprice\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m : \u001b[39m200\u001b[39m}\n\u001b[0;32m----> <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=6'>7</a>\u001b[0m apply_discount(shoes, \u001b[39m1.2\u001b[39;49m)\n",
      "\u001b[1;32m/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb Cell 2\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mapply_discount\u001b[0;34m(product, discount)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=0'>1</a>\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mapply_discount\u001b[39m(product, discount):\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=1'>2</a>\u001b[0m     price \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mint\u001b[39m(product[\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mprice\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m]) \u001b[39m*\u001b[39m (\u001b[39m1.0\u001b[39m \u001b[39m-\u001b[39m discount)\n\u001b[0;32m----> <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=2'>3</a>\u001b[0m     \u001b[39massert\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39m0\u001b[39m \u001b[39m<\u001b[39m\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m price \u001b[39m<\u001b[39m\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m product[\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mprice\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m], \u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39mdiscount should not greater than 1.0\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W0sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=3'>4</a>\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m price\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m: discount should not greater than 1.0"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def apply_discount(product, discount):\n",
    "    price = int(product['price']) * (1.0 - discount)\n",
    "    assert 0 <= price <= product['price'], \"discount should not greater than 1.0\"\n",
    "    return price\n",
    "\n",
    "shoes = {'name' : \"Nike Shoes\", \"price\" : 200}\n",
    "apply_discount(shoes, 1.2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "Exception",
     "evalue": "A discount of more than 1 can't be offered",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mException\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb Cell 3\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 8>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=4'>5</a>\u001b[0m         \u001b[39mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mException\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39mA discount of more than 1 can\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mt be offered\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=5'>6</a>\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m price\n\u001b[0;32m----> <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=7'>8</a>\u001b[0m apply_discount({\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mprice\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m : \u001b[39m200\u001b[39;49m}, \u001b[39m1.2\u001b[39;49m)\n",
      "\u001b[1;32m/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb Cell 3\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mapply_discount\u001b[0;34m(product, discount)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=2'>3</a>\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# assert 0 <= price <= product['price']\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=3'>4</a>\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m price \u001b[39m<\u001b[39m\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m product[\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mprice\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m]:\n\u001b[0;32m----> <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=4'>5</a>\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mException\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39mA discount of more than 1 can\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mt be offered\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m      <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#W2sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=5'>6</a>\u001b[0m \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m price\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mException\u001b[0m: A discount of more than 1 can't be offered"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def apply_discount(product, discount):\n",
    "    price = int(product['price']) * (1.0 - discount)\n",
    "    # assert 0 <= price <= product['price']\n",
    "    if price <= product['price']:\n",
    "        raise Exception(\"A discount of more than 1 can't be offered\")\n",
    "    return price\n",
    "\n",
    "apply_discount({'price' : 200}, 1.2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<>:1: SyntaxWarning: assertion is always true, perhaps remove parentheses?\n",
      "<>:1: SyntaxWarning: assertion is always true, perhaps remove parentheses?\n",
      "/var/folders/r7/lljq13cs7qbbnm6pp5xmsbfc0000gp/T/ipykernel_9511/458461700.py:1: SyntaxWarning: assertion is always true, perhaps remove parentheses?\n",
      "  assert (1 == 2, '1 is equal to 2')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "assert (1 == 2, '1 is equal to 2')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comma Placement"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['john', 'jane', 'dilberbob']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "names = ['john', 'jane', 'dilber' 'bob']\n",
    "print(names)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is a nice language\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import threading\n",
    "\n",
    "some_lock = threading.Lock()\n",
    "\n",
    "with some_lock:\n",
    "    print(\"Python is a nice language\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class LearnWithUsingClass:\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __init__(self, name) -> None:\n",
    "        self.name = name\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __enter__(self):\n",
    "        self.file = open(self.file, 'w')\n",
    "        return self.file\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):\n",
    "        if self.file:\n",
    "            self.file.close()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Again bye bye!\n",
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38131048296612979081477663269791394570357390537422769779633811568396223208402597025155304734389883109376\n",
      "Execution time :  0.014242172241210938\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "class TimeCalculator:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        self.start_time = 0\n",
    "        self.end_time = 0\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __enter__(self):\n",
    "        self.start_time = time.time()\n",
    "        return self\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):\n",
    "        self.end_time = time.time()\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "    def print(self):\n",
    "        print(\"Execution time : \", self.end_time - self.start_time)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "with TimeCalculator() as timing:\n",
    "\n",
    "    print(\"Again bye bye!\")\n",
    "    print(pow(2,100000))\n",
    "timing.print()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Underscores, dunders and more"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11\n",
      "12\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Test:\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __init__(self) -> None:\n",
    "        self.foo = 11\n",
    "        self._bar = 12\n",
    "        self.__baz = 23\n",
    "\n",
    "test = Test()\n",
    "print(test.foo)\n",
    "print(test._bar)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Alice and Bob are both intelligent\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# to avoid name conflicts\n",
    "\n",
    "name = \"Alice\"\n",
    "name_ = \"Bob\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'{name} and {name_} are both intelligent')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['_Test__baz',\n",
       " '__class__',\n",
       " '__delattr__',\n",
       " '__dict__',\n",
       " '__dir__',\n",
       " '__doc__',\n",
       " '__eq__',\n",
       " '__format__',\n",
       " '__ge__',\n",
       " '__getattribute__',\n",
       " '__gt__',\n",
       " '__hash__',\n",
       " '__init__',\n",
       " '__init_subclass__',\n",
       " '__le__',\n",
       " '__lt__',\n",
       " '__module__',\n",
       " '__ne__',\n",
       " '__new__',\n",
       " '__reduce__',\n",
       " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
       " '__repr__',\n",
       " '__setattr__',\n",
       " '__sizeof__',\n",
       " '__str__',\n",
       " '__subclasshook__',\n",
       " '__weakref__',\n",
       " '_bar',\n",
       " 'foo']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dir(test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'Test' object has no attribute '__baz'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb Cell 14\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 1>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/Users/hinakhadim/Documents/Arbisoft/Python/learning_python_tricks/python_tricks.ipynb#X23sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=0'>1</a>\u001b[0m \u001b[39mprint\u001b[39m(test\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m__baz)\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'Test' object has no attribute '__baz'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(test.__baz)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['_ExtendedTest__baz',\n",
       " '__class__',\n",
       " '__delattr__',\n",
       " '__dict__',\n",
       " '__dir__',\n",
       " '__doc__',\n",
       " '__eq__',\n",
       " '__format__',\n",
       " '__ge__',\n",
       " '__getattribute__',\n",
       " '__gt__',\n",
       " '__hash__',\n",
       " '__init__',\n",
       " '__init_subclass__',\n",
       " '__le__',\n",
       " '__lt__',\n",
       " '__module__',\n",
       " '__ne__',\n",
       " '__new__',\n",
       " '__reduce__',\n",
       " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
       " '__repr__',\n",
       " '__setattr__',\n",
       " '__sizeof__',\n",
       " '__str__',\n",
       " '__subclasshook__',\n",
       " '__weakref__',\n",
       " '_bar',\n",
       " 'foo']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class ExtendedTest(Test):\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __init__(self) -> None:\n",
    "        self.foo = 'Overridden'\n",
    "        self._bar = \"Overriddent\"\n",
    "        self.__baz = \"Can't override\"\n",
    "\n",
    "ext_test = ExtendedTest()\n",
    "dir(ext_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "23\n",
      "Can't override\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(test._Test__baz)\n",
    "print(ext_test._ExtendedTest__baz)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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