diff --git a/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authentication/pat/impl/UserScopedPatHandlerImpl.java b/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authentication/pat/impl/UserScopedPatHandlerImpl.java
index 108479968d..9a40919d49 100644
--- a/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authentication/pat/impl/UserScopedPatHandlerImpl.java
+++ b/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authentication/pat/impl/UserScopedPatHandlerImpl.java
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationTrustResolver;
+import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationTrustResolverImpl;
 import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
 import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
 import org.springframework.security.core.context.ReactiveSecurityContextHolder;
@@ -64,6 +66,9 @@ public class UserScopedPatHandlerImpl implements UserScopedPatHandler {
 
     private Clock clock;
 
+    private final AuthenticationTrustResolver authTrustResolver =
+        new AuthenticationTrustResolverImpl();
+
     public UserScopedPatHandlerImpl(ReactiveExtensionClient client,
         CryptoService cryptoService,
         ExternalUrlSupplier externalUrl,
@@ -84,8 +89,8 @@ public void setClock(Clock clock) {
         this.clock = clock;
     }
 
-    private static Mono<Authentication> mustBeRealUser(Mono<Authentication> authentication) {
-        return authentication.filter(AuthorityUtils::isRealUser)
+    private Mono<Authentication> mustBeAuthenticated(Mono<Authentication> authentication) {
+        return authentication.filter(authTrustResolver::isAuthenticated)
             // Non-username-password authentication could not access the API at any time.
             .switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(AccessDeniedException::new));
     }
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ private static Mono<Authentication> mustBeRealUser(Mono<Authentication> authenti
     public Mono<ServerResponse> create(ServerRequest request) {
         return ReactiveSecurityContextHolder.getContext()
             .map(SecurityContext::getAuthentication)
-            .transform(UserScopedPatHandlerImpl::mustBeRealUser)
+            .transform(this::mustBeAuthenticated)
             .flatMap(auth -> request.bodyToMono(PersonalAccessToken.class)
                 .switchIfEmpty(
                     Mono.error(() -> new ServerWebInputException("Missing request body.")))
@@ -222,7 +227,7 @@ public Mono<ServerResponse> delete(ServerRequest request) {
     public Mono<ServerResponse> restore(ServerRequest request) {
         var restoredPat = ReactiveSecurityContextHolder.getContext()
             .map(SecurityContext::getAuthentication)
-            .transform(UserScopedPatHandlerImpl::mustBeRealUser)
+            .transform(this::mustBeAuthenticated)
             .flatMap(auth -> {
                 var name = request.pathVariable("name");
                 return getPat(name, auth.getName());
diff --git a/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtils.java b/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtils.java
index 75605e35f2..846830aa0d 100644
--- a/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtils.java
+++ b/application/src/main/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtils.java
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
-import org.springframework.security.authentication.RememberMeAuthenticationToken;
-import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
-import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
 import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
 
 /**
@@ -51,14 +48,4 @@ public static boolean containsSuperRole(Collection<String> roles) {
         return roles.contains(SUPER_ROLE_NAME);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Check if the authentication is a real user.
-     *
-     * @param authentication current authentication
-     * @return true if the authentication is a real user; false otherwise
-     */
-    public static boolean isRealUser(Authentication authentication) {
-        return authentication instanceof UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
-            || authentication instanceof RememberMeAuthenticationToken;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/application/src/test/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtilsTest.java b/application/src/test/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtilsTest.java
index 4ac5082d3d..1d9052a340 100644
--- a/application/src/test/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtilsTest.java
+++ b/application/src/test/java/run/halo/app/security/authorization/AuthorityUtilsTest.java
@@ -3,16 +3,12 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static run.halo.app.security.authorization.AuthorityUtils.authoritiesToRoles;
 import static run.halo.app.security.authorization.AuthorityUtils.containsSuperRole;
-import static run.halo.app.security.authorization.AuthorityUtils.isRealUser;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.springframework.security.authentication.RememberMeAuthenticationToken;
-import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
 import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
 
 class AuthorityUtilsTest {
@@ -39,9 +35,4 @@ void containsSuperRoleTest() {
         assertFalse(containsSuperRole(Set.of("admin")));
     }
 
-    @Test
-    void shouldReturnTrueWhenAuthenticationIsRealUser() {
-        assertTrue(isRealUser(mock(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class)));
-        assertTrue(isRealUser(mock(RememberMeAuthenticationToken.class)));
-    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file