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<p>istio学习：参考资料、总述、数据平面、控制平面、简单实践</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<h1 id="参考资料">参考资料</h1>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://jimmysong.io/istio-handbook/">Istio
服务网格——云原生应用网络构建指南</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://istio.io/latest/docs/">Istio Documentation</a></li>
<li><a
target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://dockone.io/article/2434566">http://dockone.io/article/2434566</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="总述">总述</h1>
<p>Istio服务网格逻辑上分为数据平面和控制平面，架构图如下所示</p>
<p><img src="/img/2022-5-10-1.png" height="50%" width="50%"></p>
<p>它的架构目前来说有两种，一种是 Sidecar 模式，这也是 Istio
最传统的部署架构，另一种是 Proxyless 模式。</p>
<h2 id="sidecar模式">Sidecar模式</h2>
<p>见<a
target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://jimmysong.io/istio-handbook/concepts/transparent-traffic-hijacking.html">Istio中的透明流量劫持过程详解</a></p>
<p><img src="/img/2022-5-10-2.jpeg" /></p>
<h2 id="proxyless模式">Proxyless模式</h2>
<p>Proxyless 模式是 Istio 1.11 版本中支持的实验特性，Istio
官网中有篇博客介绍了这个特性。 可以直接将 gRPC 服务添加到 Istio
中，不需要再向 Pod 中注入 Envoy 代理。
这样做可以极大的提升应用性能，降低网络延迟。
有人说这种做法又回到了原始的基于 SDK
的微服务模式，其实非也，它依然使用了 Envoy 的 xDS API.
但是因为不再需要向应用程序中注入 Sidecar
代理，因此可以减少应用程序性能的损耗。</p>
<p><img src="/img/2022-5-10-3.png" /></p>
<h1 id="数据平面">数据平面</h1>
<h2 id="xds-api">xDS-API</h2>
<p>在Envoy中，xDS-API中的xDS是一类发现服务的统称，包括</p>
<ul>
<li>SDS/EDS：Service/Endpoint Discovery Service</li>
<li>CDS：Cluster Discovery Service</li>
<li>RDS：Route Discovery Service</li>
<li>LDS：Listener Discovery Service</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="入口网关与出口网关">入口网关与出口网关</h2>
<p>Istio提倡所有进入与离开服务网格的流量都经过一个特殊的网关。
网关配置被用于运行在网格边界的独立 Envoy 代理，而不是服务工作负载的
sidecar 代理。</p>
<h3 id="ingressgateway">IngressGateway</h3>
<p>istio-ingressgateway是Istio安装完成后就会启动的服务，其作用是作为整个服务网格的边缘网关。
在边缘架设网关的作用不仅是做一层统一代理，更是对服务接口的统一管理。</p>
<p>IngressGateway在Istio中的具体实现仍然是Envoy。</p>
<h2 id="sidecar路由配置">Sidecar路由配置</h2>
<p>默认情况下，Sidecar中并没有任何特别的配置，所有的流量都通过k8s域名走DNS解析走掉了。</p>
<p>当想对流量进行控制的时候，可以定义一个Virtual
Service来动态指定流量的流向。</p>
<h1 id="控制平面">控制平面</h1>
<h2 id="pilot结构及功能">Pilot结构及功能</h2>
<p>Pilot是对各容器平台（或者VM）的逻辑抽象，通过适配器模式，形成统一的对接接口。</p>
<p>Pilot的基本工作就是为数据平台的Sidecar提供服务发现能力。但是Pilot本身并不做服务注册。
它只是提供一个接口，对接已有的服务注册系统。除此之外，还负责为动态路由提供总控配置，并将这些配置分发给数据平面代理。</p>
<h2 id="mixer结构及功能">Mixer结构及功能</h2>
<p>Mixer负责在服务调用之间实施控制策略，同时在调用间收集请求的遥测数据。</p>
<p>为了实现上述目的，每个请求在到达Sidecar的时候都需要向Mixer发起一次逻辑请求，以进行前置检查。
在每次请求结束之后，还需要再次向Mixer做一次汇报。</p>
<p>这里其实有了问题，一次通信变成了三次。要解决这个问题，有两种方式：</p>
<ul>
<li>把Mixer的部分请求处理逻辑放置在数据平面的网管Envoy上</li>
<li>将Mixer的数据二级缓存到Envoy上</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="请求属性attribute">请求属性(Attribute)</h2>
<p>请求属性是控制平面的数据元。每个Sidecar在处理数据流动时均会向Mixer提供一种叫Attribute的key-value对，比如</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">request.path:</span> <span class="string">xyz/abc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">request.size:</span> <span class="number">1234</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="操作配置operator-config">操作配置(Operator Config)</h2>
<p>操作配置是Mixer的规则定义，包含三个方面</p>
<ul>
<li>数据实例配置，规定Mixer从请求属性中采集什么数据、在一些条件下应该采取什么样的行为（即如何生成一个数据实例）</li>
<li>处理器，实际处理数据实例的逻辑体</li>
<li>规则，将上面两个关联起来</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="安全控制">安全控制</h1>
<p>Istio的安全分成三层</p>
<ul>
<li>最外层的企业防火墙是路由硬件层面上的安全防御，抵挡如DoS攻击</li>
<li>服务网格内部入口还有一层网关，主要提供服务接入鉴权及访问资源控制</li>
<li>内部实现多种机制，强化数据安全，如
<ul>
<li>身份标识</li>
<li>控制策略</li>
<li>传输加密</li>
<li>审计、认证、鉴权</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="citadel结构及功能">Citadel结构及功能</h2>
<p>Citadel是密钥与证书的管理系统。</p>
<h2 id="搭建bookinfo系统">搭建BookInfo系统</h2>
<p><a
target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://istio.io/latest/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/">https://istio.io/latest/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/</a></p>
<p><img src="/img/2022-5-10-4.jpeg" height="50%" width="50%"></p>
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